Ndeapi Marudzi Akasiyana Emabhanki?
Iwe ungangodaro usati wanzwa nezvezvikwata izvi zvose, asi sangano rimwe nerimwe rinogona kunge riri kuita chikamu muupenyu hwako hwezuva nezuva. Mabhandi akasiyana anoona munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana, iyo inonzwisisika - unoda bhenji rako rekugadza kuisa zvose zvavanogona mukukushumira iwe neunharaunda yako (uye mabhizimusi ari paIndaneti anogona kuita chinhu chavo pasina hukuru hwekutarisira nzvimbo dzakawanda dzebazi).
Mhando dzeBhangi
Mamwe mabhanga akawandisa akanyorwa pasi apa, asi miganhu inoparadzanisa haisi nguva dzose yakachena. Dzimwe mabhengi anoshanda munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana (somuenzaniso, bhangi ringagona kupa mabhuku evanhu, mabhizimisi emareji, uye kunyange kubatsira mabhizimusi makuru kuunza mari mumisika yemari).
- Mabhizimisi ekutengeserana angangodaro mabhangi amunoziva nawo: Nhoroondo dzako dzekutarisa uye dzekuchengetedza dzinosungwa pabhangi rekutengesa , rinotarisa kune vatengi (kana vanhu vose) sevatengi. Aya mabhanga anokupa makadhi emakwereti, kupa zvikwereti, uye ndeaya ane nzvimbo dzakawanda dzebazi munzvimbo dzinogara vanhu.
- Mabhizimisi ezvokutengeserana anotarisa kumabhizimisi vatengi Mabhizimisi anoda kuongorora uye kuchengetedza zvikwereti sevanhu vanoita. Asi ivo vanodawo mamwe mabasa akaoma, uye idhora inowanikwa (kana nhamba yekutengeserana) inogona kuva yakakura zvikuru. Vanogona kubvuma kubhadhara mari kubva kune vatengi, vanovimba zvikuru nemitsetse yekwereti yekushandisa mari yekuyerera, uye vangashandisa tsamba dzechikwereti kuita bhizinesi kune dzimwe nyika.
- Mabhengi ekubhadhara mari anobatsira mabhizimisi kushanda mumisika yemari. Kana bhizinesi richida kuenda kune vanhu kana kutengesa chikwereti kuvasimari, ivo vachawanzoshandisa bhajeti yekutsvaga .
- Central mabhangi anotarisira mari yehurumende yehurumende. Semuenzaniso, Federal Reserve Bank ibhandi guru reUnited States rine basa rokutarisira basa rezvemari uye kusimudzira mabhengi.
- Zvikwereti zvekodheni zvakafanana nemabhengi, asi hazvisi zvekunobatsira masangano anowanikwa nevatengi vavo (mabheji akawanda anowanikwa nevashambadzi). Zvikwereti zvekwereti zvinopa michina nemabasa akawanda kana zvishoma kufanana kune mabhengi akawanda ezvitoro uye zvebhizimisi. Mhedzisiro huru ndeyokuti chikwereti chenhengo dzechikwata chinowedzera humwe unhu huri pamwe chete (kwavanogara, basa ravo, kana masangano avari ivo, somuenzaniso).
- Mabhenji epaIndaneti anoshandisa zvachose paIndaneti - hapana nzvimbo yebazi inowanikwa inoshandiswa kushanyira nemudzidzisi kana bhengi wega. Mabanki akawanda ezvitinha-uye-matenga anopawo mishandisirwo yepaIndaneti, zvakadai sokukwanisa kuona zvikwereti uye kubhadhara zvikwereti paIndaneti , asi mabhizinesi-mabhengi chete akasiyana: vanowanzopa mitambo yekukwikwidza mumari dzekuchengetedza uye vanogona kunyanya kupa .
- Mutual banks zvakafanana nezvikwereti zvemakabatanidzwa nokuti ndevane nhengo (kana vatengi) panzvimbo yevateresi vasiri kunze.
- Kuchengetedza uye zvikwereti zvishoma kudarika zvavaimbova, asi ivo vachiri kukosha. Iri bhengi rakakosha pakugadzirisa pamba pamba, kushandisa mari kubva kumakambani kuti vawane mari yemari. Zita rekuchengetedza uye chikwereti chinoreva basa guru ravanoita: kuchengetedza kubva kune mumwe mutengi uye kupa chikwereti kune mumwe.
Non-Bank Lenders
Vanhu vasiri kubhengi vatengesi vari kuwedzera mamiririri anozivikanwa nezvezvikwereti. Zvechokwadi, haasi mabanki, asi ruzivo rwako sekukwereta runogona kunge rwakafanana: iwe unogona kubhadhara chikwereti uye uchiripira sokunge iwe uri kushanda nebhangi.
Aya masangano anonyanya kubhadhara mari, uye haafariri kune mamwe mabasa nemitemo inoshandiswa kumabhanga emagariro. Dzimwe nguva dzinozivikanwa sevatengesi vemisika, vasiri mabhengi vanobhadhara vanowana mari kubva kuvarimi vemari (ivo vaviri vanosima mari uye masangano makuru).
Kune vatengi vanotenga zvikwereti, vasiri bhengi vanowanzogunzva - vanogona kushandisa nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzekubvumira kupfuura mabheji emagariro, uye mitero inowanzokwikwidzana .
Bhenji Kuchinja Kubva Izvo Zvemari Crisis
Dambudziko rezvemari ra2008 rakashandura nyika yebhengi nenzira inoshamisa. Pamberi penjodzi, mabhangi aifara dzimwe nguva dzakanaka, asi huku dzaiuya kumusha kuti dzikwire.
Mabhengi akanga achikweretesa mari kune vakwereta vakanga vasingagoni kubhadhara uye kubvisa nayo nokuti mutengo wemusha wakaramba uchikura (pakati pezvimwe zvinhu). Vakanga vachiri kuisawo mari nechisimba kuti vawedzere ruzivo, asi njodzi dzakava dzechokwadi munguva yeHarare Recession.
Mitemo mitsva: Dodd-Frank Act yakashandura zvakawanda zvei kuburikidza nekuita zvidimbu kuchinja kwemari. Bhengi rekutengesa - pamwe chete nedzimwe misika - iko zvino inotungamirirwa nehutsva, huwandu hwekucherechedza: Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB). Iri sangano rinopa vatengi nzvimbo nzvimbo yepakati kuti vaise zvikwangwani, vadzidze nezvekodzero dzavo, uye kuwana rubatsiro. Uyezve, Volcker Rule inoita mabhengi ekutengeserana anoita zvakanyanya kufanana neavo vakaita pamberi peimba yebubhokisi - vanotora mari kubva kune vatengi uye vanoita mari nekuchengetedza, uye kune miganhu pamhando yezvikwereti zvinotengesa mabhizimusi zvinogona kupinda.
Kubatanidzwa: Kune mabhanga mashomanana - kunyanya mabhengi ezvekutsvaga - kubvira mumatambudziko emari. Zita guru rekutsvaga mabhengi rakakundikana (Lehman Brothers uye Bear Stearns kunyanya) asi vamwe vakazvidzivirira pachavo. Iyo FDC inoshuma kuti pane 414 kukanganisa kwemabhangi pakati pe2008 ne2011, zvichienzaniswa nevatatu muna 2007 uye zero muna 2006. Muzviitiko zvakawanda, bhizinesi rakakundikana rinongotorwa neimwe bhangi (uye vatengi havasi kusagadzikana chero bedzi vachigara pasi FDIC inshuwarheni mirefu). Chigumisiro ndechekuti mabhenji asina simba akabatanidzwa ne mabhandi makuru, uye iwe hauna mazita akawanda aunosarudza kubva.