Bonds iYOUs yakabudiswa nemasangano ehurumende uye ega ega kuti avhare zvakasiyana-siyana zvemari. Kune varairidzi, zvibvumirano zvinopa chigadziro chekugadzirisa kupesana nekusafanoziva kwematokari uye inofanira kunge iri chikamu chemahofisi ose.
Muzhinji, asi kwete yose, misika, zvisungo zvinotamira kune zvakasiyana nematanda. Kana matanda aripo, zvisungo zviri pasi uye kana mashizha ari pasi, zvisungo zviri kumusoro. Iyi yakawanda kwazvo, asi iyo inobatsira kutsanangura kuti nei zvisungo zviri mukana wakanaka wezvikwata.
Iwe une zvisungo zvakasiyana-siyana zvekusarudza kubva uye imwe neimwe yega ine zvimwe zvinhu. Heino mhedziso yezvikwata zvakasiyana-siyana:
US Treasury Issues
Pamusoro pezvenyu rakachengeteka, inyaya yeUnited Treasury. "Kutenda kwakakwana uye chikwereti" wehurumende yeUnited States inotsigira zvikwereti izvi, izvo zvinoita kuti zvive zvakachengetedzwa zvakachengeteka pamusika.
Inopindirana nekuchengetedzwa uku ndiko kudzoka kwakanyanya. Mune mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu, kudzoka kunogona kusatombofambidzana nekutengesa kwezvinhu kana kuti kusagadzikana nayo. Zvose zvinowanikwa kubva kuUnited States Hurumende nhau dzinowanzoregererwa nemitero yehurumende uye yomunharaunda, asi haisi yemutero wemari.
Heano maitiro akasiyana-siyana eUnited Treasury bonds:
- Mariki yezvivigiro - vane hukuru hunopfuura makore gumi uye Treasury yakavabudisa mumasangano kubva kubva pa $ 1 kusvika ku $ 1 mamiriyoni. Imari yeAmerica yeUnited States haisati yava neHurumende Bonds, asi iwe unogona kuitenga pamusika wechipiri.
Vanobhadhara kufarira kwemwedzi mitanhatu uye vaine matanho ekutanga kusvika kumakore makumi matatu. Kunyangwe iwe uchivatenga kune mumwe munhu kana sangano kunze kweHurumende yeUnited States, Zvikwereti zveHaimari zvinotsigirwa ne "kutenda kwakakwana uye chikwereti" hurumende yeUnited States.
- Treasury Notes - ane maturati emakore 2, 3, 5 kana gumi uye masangano e $ 1 000. Imari yeAmerica yeUnited States inotengesa Nhepfenyuro munharaunda yevoruzhinji nguva nenguva. Iwe unoshevedza iyo Chizivo nokuisa bhizimisi rekukwikwidza kana kuti kusakwikwidzana kwebhadharo.
Munyika inoshamisa yehutano hwehurumende, kusagutsikana kwechikwata chinokuratidza kuti iwe uchawana iyo Note. Kana iwe uchibudisa bhizimisi rekukwikwidza, iwe unogona kana kuti usakwanisa kuwana Note. Anoita pfungwa, chaiko?
Nhamba yekutambira yeChinoti inowanikwa painottion. Bhizimisi rekukwikwidza rinotaurira kuti chii chaunowana chikwata chaunotambira. Kana izvozvo zvikaitika kuva muyero wakaiswa painottion, iwe unowana Note. Kana zvisina kudaro, hauna kuwana kadhi.
A risina kugadzirisa mabhizimisi anoti iwe uchabvuma chero chiyero chinowanikwa painottion. Izvi zvinokutenderera kuti iwe uchatora Zita (kubvuma kuti auction haina kunyanya kubhadharwa).
- MAZANO kana Nhepfenyuro yePfuma Inodzivirirwa Chekuchengetedzwa - ndeyezvisungo zvine maturati emakore mashanu, gumi nemakumi maviri nemakumi maviri. Zvinotengeswa mu $ 1 000 masangano paunotengesi seHaidary Notes.
Chii chinoita kuti TIPS yakasiyana-siyana kuchinja kwezvishoma. Mwedzi mitanhatu yoga yoga mari inoshandura mutungamiriri mukuru neInterumer Price Index yekutengesa. Iyo yakagadziriswa chiyero chekufarira inoshandiswa kune mukuru mukuru wezvakagadzirisa zvinhu.
Munharaunda inotengesa zvinhu, mutengo wega wega wemwedzi mitanhatu uchave wakakwirira kudarika. Pakukura, TIP inobhadhara mukuru wezvakagadzirisa mutengo kana yepakutanga kwemaziso, chero ipi zvayo.
Ko mukuru wacho angave akaderera sei pasi pekutarisa kwemaziso? Penguva yekuparadzanisa, mutungamiri wenyu aizoderedzwa uye mushure mekubhadhara chikwereti zvishoma. Pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu aya, zvinogoneka kuti mukuru wezvinoshandiswa zvakasarudzwa angave ari pasi pepakutanga kwemaziso.
- Mari yeMarikiti - haisati yakasungirirwa mupfungwa yakanyanyisa nokuti matanho avo anobva kumasvondo 4 kusvika ku 26. Pamwe chete ini, EE / E uye H Bonds, T-Bills iri mune chikamu chekutarisira mari, kwete pane zvakasungwa zvisungo.
Iyo US Treasury Website ine ruzivo rwakakwana pamusoro pemiti yavo yose.
Agency Bonds
Sangano rezvisungo zvinoreva boka rezvisungo zvakabudiswa nemasangano akaenzana nehurumende yeUnited States.
Mahofisi aya kazhinji haasati anotsigirwa zvakajeka nehurumende yeUnited States mushure mezvisungo zvavo, kunyange vamwe vachiita.
Zvizhinji zvinowira muboka rezvibatanidza-zvitsigirwa zvikwereti zvekwereti kana zvikwereti, zvinoreva kuti pane zvimwe zvinhu, kazhinji dzimba inosungirwa kune chikwereti. Izvo zvibvumirano zvinobhadhara zvikwereti zvakakwirira kudarika zvakanyanyisa nyaya dzeMari yeUnited States kune zvimwe, kunyange zvazvo zvisingaverengeki, pangozi yakakwirira. Izvi zvisungo zvinowanzoshambadzirwa mumasangano makuru kune vashandi vezvikoro. Heano mamwe emamwe mabhizimisi anozivikanwa zviri nani:
- Hurumende National Mortgage Association kana Ginnie Mae - inotungamirirwa nehurumende yeUnited States. Inotenga zvikwereti kubva kune vanokweretesa uye inovakira mumatoro. Zvisungo zvaro zvinotsigirwa nekutenda kwakakwana uye chikwereti chehurumende yeUnited States.
- Federal National Mortgage Association kana Fannie Mae vanotenga zvikwereti pamusika wechipiri uye anovatengesa kuvashambadziri zvimwe zvikwereti zvinogona kuiswa inshumbwa ne Federal Federal Authority (FHA). Kuti uwane mamwe ruzivo enda paIndaneti.
- Federal Home Mortgage Corporation kana Freddie Mac yakafanana naFreddie Mae, asi haina zvikwereti zvinotarisirwa neFHA. Kuti uwane mamwe mashoko pamusoro paFreddie Mac anoshanyira maIndaneti.
- Student Loan Marketing Association kana Sallie Mae mapurisa emari yevadzidzi pane nzvimbo dzekunamatira. Izvo zvinowedzera kuipa kupinda mari yekusungirwa kumashure. Kuti uwane mamwe ruzivo enda kuSallie Mae Website.
Municipal Bonds
Masangano ehurumende emunharaunda akadai sematunhu, maguta, makotaji, maguta, nzvimbo dzinoshandiswa zvivako uye nezvimwewo zvinosungirwa kubhadhara basa ravo.
Aya masangano emasuo ehurumende, anowanzonzi munis, anotsigira migwagwa mitsva, zvikoro, sewers uye mamwe mapurojekiti. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, mari inotorwa kubva purojekiti inoenda kunotora zvisungo, mune dzimwe nguva mari yemutero inoshandiswa kana kusanganiswa kwezvose.
Kunyange zvazvo isiri yakachengeteka sezvinotaura nezveMari yeUnited States, munis vane rekodhi yakanaka yekuchengeteka. Chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha zvezvisungo izvi ndezvokuti mari yaunowana haisununguswi nemutero wemari.
Izvi zvisingabhadhara mutero, zvakabatanidzwa nehukama hwekuchengeteka kunoita kuti hurumende dzisarudze kune vanochengetedza mari. Sezvo kuwedzera bhonasi, mune mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu, zvisungo zvinogona kunge zvisina rusununguko rwematongerwo enyika uye yepamunharaunda zvakare.
Iwe unotenga munis kubva kune mutengesi kana pamusangano mutsva kana zviripo zvisungo.
Corporate Bonds
Makambani anotora zvibvumirano zvekubhadhara mapurogiramu makuru anogona kubhadharwa kwenguva yakareba. Panzvimbo pokutenga zvitsva kana kushandiswa kwenguva pfupi chikwereti, makambani anoshandisa nguva yakareba-yezvisungo zvekubhadhara zvivako zvitsva, kuwanikwa uye zvimwe zvido.
Makambani, kunyange akakurumbira akakodzera, haaiti zvakaenzana zvekuchengeteka sehurumende yevabudisi; saka, zvisungo zvavo zvinorayira zvikwereti zvinodarika.
Zvisungo zvehurumende zvinogona kupa zvinhu zviviri zvisingashamisi mune dzimwe zvisungo:
- Zvigadziriswa Zvinoshandiswa - Izvi zvinobvumira bvumirano kuti ichinjwa kuti ive sendivo yakafanana mune mamwe mamiriro. Iyo mamiriro ezvinhu anotsanangurwa apo bvumo yacho inobviswa.
- Callable Bonds - Izvi zvisungo zvinogona kudanwa kana kudzikinurwa nekambani musati mava nekukura. Imwe kambani inoshevedza kana kudzikinura chibvumirano kana zvikwereti zvezvibereko zvikawa zvakanyanya kubva pavakabudisa hutano. Nokudana bhadha yepamusoro, kambani inogona kugadzirisa chikwereti pane chidimbu chechibereko.
Zero Coupon Bond
Imwe mhando yezvisungo ndiyo zero coupon bond. Mamwe maitiro ezvisungo pamusoro apa akasiyana nemudzikinuri. Iri hutano huripo hunobudiswa nehurumende dzakawanda, asi nokuti dzakasiyana zvakasiyana nehutano hwezvisungo, ndakazvitsaura.
Zero coupon bond, sezvinoratidzwa nezita racho, usabhadhara chido chaunogara uchida. Pane kudaro, iwe unotenga chibvumirano pane zvakaderera uye uchidzikinura pahutano hwakakwana.
Somuenzaniso, unogona kutenga $ 1 000 par value zero nemakore gumi kusvika mukukura kwe $ 700. Mumakore gumi, iwe ungadzikinura chisungo che $ 1 000.
Mhedziso
Iyi mhedziso yakazara yemhando dzakasiyana dzezvisungo yairehwa kukupa iwe izvo chete-muongororwo. Zvikwereti zvakakosha kumapatoti ese. Kunzwisisa zvavari uye kuti vanoshanda sei danho rokutanga rekuita kuti vashande kwamuri.