Dissecting China's (Complicated) Currency
Muchikamu chino, tichazotarisisa zvakanyanya mari yenyika, zvinopomerwa zvekubhadharisa mari, uye kuti varairidzi vanogona sei kuwanikwa.
Chinese Currency 101: Yuan & Renminbi
Shanduro yeChina inowanzonzi yuan kana renminbi, asi mazwi maviri haasi kunyatsopindurana. Renminbi zvinoreva "mari yevanhu" uye inoshandiswa kurondedzera chiShayina mari yakawanda, asi yuan inhengo yezviyero inogona kuverengwa. Nokudaro, munhu anogona kutaura pamusoro penyika ye renminbi seye mari uye / kana nhamba ipi neipi ye yuan iri kugoverwa. Nzira yakanaka yekufunga mutsauko ndeye "mari" ne "dollar" muUnited States.
Pamberi pegore ra2009, mari yeChinese yakanga isina kuonekwa seye nyika yepasi rose nekuda kwekudzivirirwa kwayo nehurumende yeChina. Asi kubva panguva iyo, nyika yakaderera mari yekusarudzira uye yakakurudzira hurumende nehutano hwemakambani kuti dzive nemutengo mu yuan.
Kutaura zvazviri, makambani akaita seMcDonald's atova akatengesa zvisungo zvekambani mune mari yeChinese. Nyika iri kutsvaga mari yekuchengetedzwa kwemari pamwe neInternet Monetary Fund kuti iwedzere nheyo yayo.
Chinese Currency Manipulation
Mari yemunyika inogona kuita misiyano yakakura pamusoro pesimba rehupfumi hwayo.
Mari yepamusoro inoshandiswa inoita kuti kutengeswa kuve kunodhura, sezvo zvinhu zvakatengeswa mumari yemunharaunda yenyika, nepo kuwedzera kwekushandiswa kwemari kunotengesa kutengesa kudhura, sezvo mari yemunharaunda ikozvino inokosha kudarika mari yekutumira kwenyika.
Nyika dzinogona kushandisa kukosha kwemari yavo mune nzira dzakawanda. Semuenzaniso, nyika inokura inotarisana neutarisiro wekusimudzirwa kwemari yemari inogona kunyatsogadzirisa mari yavo kune imwe ine uwandu hwepamusoro. Munyaya yeU.S. neChina, izvi zvinosanganisira China kutenga US Treasury kuchengetedza yuan kuchinja kwehuwandu kune imwe chiyero nedhora. Idzi nzira dzakaguma nekugadzirisa kweChina kwakakosha kwezvisungo zveUnited Treasury.
China yakatarisana nemhosva dzakawanda dzekushandiswa kwemari, kunyanya kubva kuUnited States, apo yakavhara mari yayo kuDhora reAmerica. Kunyange zvazvo nyika yakasimudza chikamu chayo kuDhora reAmerica muna 2005, yakadzoserwa munguva yematambudziko ehupfumi muna 2008. Asi muna 2010, chikwata chemadhora eUnited States chakasimudzirwa zvakare uye mari yakayemura zvikuru mukukosha.
Nyika yacho yakashandura mari yakawanda iyo yakashamisika muna 2015 kuti ishandise hupfumi hwayo, iyo yaiva piritsi inorwadza kukumedza vazhinji vakwikwidzana, asi yakagamuchirwa nenyika dzakabudirira tarisira kuti nyika ichatamira kune kuongororwa kusina rusununguko.
Kufambisa kwakasimbisawo nyaya yenyika yekuva mari yekuchengetedza mari, kunyange zvazvo IMF isati ichisarudzira seyokupera-2016.
Nzira Yokushandisa Sei muChinese Currency
Chinese currency yakave iri kure nemiganhu kune vatengesi vemarudzi akawanda kwemakore mazhinji. Asi mazuva ano, vatengesi vepasi rose vanotarisa kuisa mari mumutauro weChinese vane zvisarudzo zvakawanda, kubva mukutsinhanisa zvakananga kuburikidza ne forex kutengeserana kusvika kusvibiswa kuburikidza nekutsinhana-kutengesa mari ("ETFs").
ETFs ndiyo nzira iri nyore yekuwana pachena kune mari yeChinese, sezvo inobvumira kusvibiswa kuburikidza nekutengesa uye kushandiswa kwemari mikataba inosanganisira kutengwa kweShayina mari nehuwandu hwakawanda hweUnited States. Kana mari yeChinese ichikoshesa panguva yekubata panguva yakatarisana nehutori hweUnited States, nzvimbo yacho inobatsira purogiramu iyo inowanzoratidzwa mumutengo we ETF.
Kune zvitatu zvakazivikanwa zveChinese mari ETFs:
- WisdomTree Dreyfus Chinese Yuan Fund (CYB)
- Market Vectors Chiense Renminbi / USD ETN (CNY)
- CurrencyShares Chinese Renminbi Trust (FXCH)
Vashandi vanogonawo kuisa mari kune imwe nyika (kana forex) yemusika vachishandisa nzira yakafanana neyeEFF. Panguva imwe chete kutenga mari yeChinese uye kutengesa imwe mari, vatengesi vanokwanisa kuona purogiramu kubva musiyano. Asi munyaya iyi, vatengesi vanofanira kushandisa reji yepamusoro sa 400: 1 kuitira kuti vaone zviwanikwa zvinoita kuti ive riskier venture.
Mazano Anokosha Ekuyeuka
- Chinese currency inozivikanwa seye renminbi nemayuniti emari inonzi yuan.
- Hurumende yeChina yakanyatsogadzirisa nheyo yayo yemari kare muna 2009, asi munguva pfupi yapfuura, nyika yakavhura mari yayo muchiedza kuitisa nyika yose.
- Vashandi vanotarisira kuti vawane ruzivo rwemari yeChinese vanogona kuita izvi zvakananga kuburikidza nekutengeserana kwepamberi kana kuti zvisina kukwana kuburikidza nemari yakawanda yekutsinhana-inoshandiswa mari (ETFs).