Nzvimbo dzemagetsi emagetsi anokonzera simba rakabudiswa nefission uye rinoisa iyo kushandisa motokari jenereta dzinobudisa magetsi. Kunyange zvazvo simba renyukireya rinowedzera chete 20 muzana yemagetsi yakaitwa muUnited States, nuclear yenyu ndiyo yakakwirira kupfuura imwe nyika - 101 gigawatts muna 2010.
Nhengo Dzinowanikwa Nesimba Nyukliya
Nyukireya zvinogadzirisa zvine zvinhu izvi zvakafanana:
Mafuta - Uranium, radioactive, heavy metal ore, ndiyo inowanzofisa mafuta enyukireya. Ichitevera nzira yekugadzirisa, uranium inova mafuta akawandisa.
Imwe nyanzvi yezvigadzirisheni inotengeserana inodikanwa nezviuru zvepaundi yemafuta ekugadzira mafuta kuitira kuti ishande. Zvigadzirwa zvehurumende zvigetsi zvenyukireya muUnited States zvinotenga zvinoda kusvika mamiriyoni makumi mashanu emadhora eiri (uranium) (yeU3O8 yakaenzana) mafuta gore roga roga, ruzhinji rwayo runobva kumhenderekedzo yekumavirira.
Uranium inofambiswa munzvimbo munzvimbo yose, kunyanya kuKazakhstan, Canada, Australia, neAfrica. IUnited States ndeyomumwe wevatori 10 vanoita uranium.
Kudzora Hudhi - Yakagadzirwa kubva pane zvinhu zvinotapira neutroni zvakadai se cadmium, hafnium, kana boron, maitiro akadziisa anowanikwa kana kubviswa kubva kumucheto kuti atonge mukana wekuita kana kumira kana zvichidiwa.
Moderator - Nyaya iri mumutambo wegadziriro inotadzisa neutrons yakasunungurwa kubva kune fission saka inokonzera fission yakawanda.
Muongorori kazhinji anowanzo (chiedza) mvura, asi inogona kunge iri mvura ine simba (D20) kana graphite.
Chinotyisa - Liquid kana gasi inopararira nepakati pekutanga kutumira moto kubva pairi. Muchiedza chemvura zvinoshandiswa, mvura inomiririra inoshanda zvakare seyoyo inotonhorera.
Containment - Nyukliya mitambo yakaiswa muzvikwata zvakaoma zvakakonzerwa nekrete kudzivirira radioactivity kuti isapinda mumhepo.
Nzira Yakakosha yeNyika Yenyukireya
Fisiksiki ye nyukireya inyanzvi zvikuru, asi nheyo yekutanga yekugadzira magetsi nesimba re nyukireya ndeyotevera:
Iyo inonzi core reactor inobisa kupisa uye inonzi radioactivity mune imwe nzira inonzi fission, inowanzozivikanwa seatomu-kuparadzaniswa. Inside the reactor core uranium nuclear nuclear fuel. Sezvo nuclei ye uranium yakaparadzana, inosunungura neutron. Apo neutron inorova mamwe maatomu emu uranium, iyo nuclei inoparadzanisa, inosunungura neutron yavo kuti irove mamwe maatomu, zvichiita kuwedzera fission. Izvi zvinoramba zvichiri-kuparadzaniswa isheni inopindurwa.
Kupisa kunotungamirirwa nekutarisa fission kunoshandiswa kubudisa mhepo kubva mumvura, zvichida sezviri mumvura inopisa (reactor water reactor) (BWR), kana zvakananga sezvinowanikwa mumvura inosimudzira mvura (PWR), iyo ine steam generator.
Iyo motokari inotungira turbine iyo masimba generator.
Jenereta inobudisa magetsi inoparidzirwa kune grid power.
Nyumburu Reactor Types
Munyika yose, marudzi akasiyana-siyana emagetsi enyukireya anoshandiswa. Zvisinei, iyo inowanzoshandiswa yakawanda inomanikidzirwa mvura inonzi reactors (PWR) uye inopisa mvura inoshandiswa (BWR), iyo inoratidzirwa sechiedza chemvura inoita. MuUnited States, PWR neB BWR ndiyo chete miviri miviri yezvigadzirwa zvemagetsi zvekushandisa nuclear.
- Kubika mvura inoshandiswa (BWR) - Muchidimbu ichi, fission inouyisa kupisa kunopisa mvura mumutsetse wegadziriro. Steam kubva kumvura inopisa yemvura ine turbine inotungamirira jenereta kubudisa magetsi. Izvo zvinoitika kumabvazuva kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweJapan Fukushima Naiishi plant yakakonzerwa nekudengenyeka kwenyika muna March 2011 uye tsunami ndeB BWRs.
- Kufuridzirwa mvura inokonzera mvura (PWR) - Iyi yakagadziriswa ndiyo inowanzogadzirwa pakubudisa simba. Inoshandisa mvura seinochera uye muongorori, nhengo inobatsira kudzora kasi ye fission. Muchivharo chekutanga chinotonhorera mvura mvura, inopisa nemhepo inopisa kubva pakubhururuka kana ichipfuura nepakati, inochengetwa pasi pekumanikidzika uye naizvozvo haikwanisi. Steam inobudiswa mune chimwe chechipiri chinotonhorera uye inoshandiswa kusimbisa turbine inotungamirira jenereta yemagetsi.
- CANDU uye mvura inorema inotaridzika - Zvinhu izvi zvinoshandisa mvura yakaoma semutevedzeri. Mvura ine simba - ne deuterium inotsiva maatomu maviri e-hydrogen - seanomutungamiriri anodzikira neutron muhutano hwekuita uye anobvumira kushandiswa kwehutano hwemarani, pane kugadzirisa uranium semafuta.
- Pebble bed modular reactor - A high-temperature reactor iyo inoshandisa helium inogadziriswa uye mafuta anowanikwa mumagariro e graphite uye silicon carbide kuti ave nechokwadi chokuti fission inogadziriswa mumigodhi uye kusagadzikana kwekudziya.