Changamire Chikwereti Dambudziko neMuenzaniso

Tsanangudzo yeU.S., Europe, Greece, Iceland. Chikwereti Matambudziko

Imwe chikwereti chinokonzera dambudziko apo nyika isingakwanisi kubhadhara mabhiriro ayo. Asi izvi hazviitike usiku humwe sezvo pane zviratidzo zvakawanda zveverayenzi. Inova dambudziko apo vatungamiriri venyika vanozvidza izvi zviratidzo zvezvikonzero zvezvematongerwo enyika.

Chiratidzo chekutanga chinowanikwa kana nyika ichiwana iyo isingakwanisi kuwana purogiramu yakaderera kubva kune vateresi. Sei? Vashandi vanove vachinetseka kuti nyika haigoni kubhadhara zvikwereti.

Vanotya kuti ichapinda mune chikwereti chisina kukwana .

Sezvo vanokweretedza vanotanga kunetseka, vanoda huro hwepamusoro uye hwepamusoro kuti vadzivise ngozi yavo. Izvo zvakasimwa michero, inowedzera kuti inotengesa nyika kuti inatsigire chikwereti chayo chikuru. Nokufamba kwenguva, hazvikwanisi kugona kupfuurira pane chikwereti. Nokudaro, inopera. Kutya kwevatengesi 'kutya kunova uporofita huri kuzadzika.

Izvozvo zvakaitika kuGreece, Italy, neSpain. Yakatungamirira kuEuropeti chikwereti dambudziko. Izvo zvakaitikawo apo Iceland yakatora chikwereti chebhangi renyika, zvichiita kuti kukosha kwerudzi rwayo kupfuure. Asi izvi hazvina kuitika muUnited States muna 2011, sezvo chikwata chezvibereko chakaramba chiri pasi. Asi yakave nedambudziko rechikwereti kune zvikonzero zvakasiyana.

Chikwereti cheGreek Chikwereti

Chikwereti chekwereti chakatanga muna 2009 apo Greece yakaratidza kukanganisa kwayo kwebhajheti yaiva 12,9 muzana yezvakagadzirwa zvepamba , zvinodarika makumi mana nezana muzana chikamu chinotarisirwa neEuropean Union .

Zvikwereti zvekubhadhara zvikwereti zvakaderedza chikoro cheGrisi chekwereti uye nekuda kweizvozvo, chakadzinga chikwereti chezvibereko.

Kazhinji, nyika inongonyora mari yakawanda yekubhadhara chikwereti chayo. Asi muna 2001, Girisi yakanga yatora euro kuti ive mari yayo . Kwemakore anoverengeka, Greece yakabatsirwa nehutano hweyo euro nehuwandu hwekuda kwehuwandu uye kushandiswa kune dzimwe nyika , kunyanya kubva kumabhanki eGermany.

Zvinosuruvarisa, Greece yakabvunza EU kuti mari yekubhadhara zvikwereti. Mukudzoka, EU yakagadzirisa zviyero zvishoma . Vavengi vekutya kunetseka, zvikuru mabhenji eGermany, vaida kuti Greece icheke mari yekudzivirira mari yavo.

Asi zviyero izvi zvakaderedza hupfumi hwehupfumi uye mutero wemitero. Sezvo zvikwereti zvezvikwereti zvakaramba zvichiwedzera, Greece yakanyevera muna 2010 kuti inogona kumanikidzwa kusakirwa pane chikwereti chayo. IU EU uye International International Monetary Fund vakabvumirana kubhadhara Greece. Asi ivo vakakumbirazve kuwedzera kwebhajheji kudhura mukutora. Izvozvo zvakagadzira kuderera kunowedzera.

Pakazosvika gore ra2012, chikwereti cheGreece -kusvika-GDP chikave che 175 muzana, chimwe chepamusoro-soro munyika yose. Izvo zvakaitika shure kwevasungwa, vaine hanya nekurasikirwa nehuwandu hwavo hwose, vakagamuchira masendi makumi maviri nemashanu padhora. IGreece ikozvino iri kuora mwoyo-tsika yakasununguka, ine 25 muzana yehuwandu hwehuwandu hwemabasa, hupfumi hwezvematongerwo enyika, uye kushanda kwebhengi kusina basa.

Chirwere chechikwereti chechiGiriki chaiva dambudziko guru renyika yose nekuti raityisidzira kugadzikana kwezvematongerwe enyika kweEuropean Union.

Dambudziko reEurozone Dambudziko

Dambudziko rechikwereti rechiGiriki rakakurumidza kupararira kune imwe nyika yeEurozone, sezvo mabanki akawanda eEurope akange aine mari mumabhizimisi echiGiriki uye chikwereti chikuru. Dzimwe nyika, dzakadai seIreland, Portugal, neItaly, dzaivawo nechepamusoro, dzichishandisa mikana yakaderera-inowanikwa seyero eurozone.

Dambudziko rezvemari ra2008 rakakunda nyika idzi kunyanya zvakaoma. Somugumisiro, vaida bhailouts kuti varambe vasina kukanganisa chikwereti chavo chekutonga.

Spain yakanga yakasiyana zvakasiyana. Hurumende yakanga iine fiscally inotarisirwa, asi 2008 dambudziko rezvemari rakanyanya kuchinja mabhenji aro. Vakanga vaine mari yakawanda munyika yebasa renyika. Apo matengo akawira, mabanki aya akatambudzika kuti arambe achifamba. Hurumende yeSpain yakavabvisa kuti iite kuti vaite basa. Nokufamba kwenguva, Spain yega yakatanga kunetseka kugadzirisa chikwereti chayo. Izvozvo zvakazopedzisira zvashandurwa kune EU kuti ibatsirwe.

Izvozvo zvakasimbisa chimiro cheEU pacharo. Germany uye vamwe vatungamiri vakaedza kurwisana pamusoro pekugadzirisa dambudziko racho. Germany yakada kushanda nesimba, mukutenda iyo yaizosimbisa zvishoma nyika dzeErica sezvazvaiva neEast Germany.

Asi, zviyero izvi zvakafanana zvakakonzera kuti zvive zvakaoma kuti nyika dzikure zvakakwana kubhadhara chikwereti ichi, zvichiita kuti pave nemhirizhonga. Ichokwadi, zvakawanda zveEurozone zvakapinda mukuderera zvichiguma. Dambudziko reEurozone raiva dambudziko rehupfumi hwepasi rose muna 2011.

Dambudziko reMadhora reU.S.

Vanhu vazhinji vakanyevera kuti United States ichakwira seGreece, isingakwanisi kuripa mabhiriro ayo. Asi izvi hazviiti kuti zviitike nokuda kwezvikonzero zvitatu:

1. Dhora reUnited States mari yepasi rose , yakasara yakasimba kunyange sezvo United States iri kuramba ichidhinda mari.
2. The Federal Reserve inogona kuchengetedza chikwereti chezvikwereti zvishoma kuburikidza nehuwandu hwekutengesa .
3. Simba rehupfumi hweUnited States rinoreva kuti chikwereti cheUnited States ndechekuchengetedzwa kwakachengeteka.

Muna 2013, United States yakaswedera pedyo nekudarika chikwereti chayo nekuda kwezvikonzero zvezvematongerwe enyika. Dare rekaiti yeRepublican Party rakaramba kukwidza chikwereti ichi kana kubhadhara hurumende kunze kwekunge Obamacare yaibhadhara mari. Izvi zvakatungamirira kuhurumende yemazuva makumi matanhatu nemasere kusvikira kudzivirirwa kuwedzera kumaRipublicans kuti adzokere kusarudzo yebhajheti, kusimudzira chikwereti, nekubhadhara hurumende. Zuva iro kubviswa kwacho kwapera, USA chikwereti chenyika chakasimudzira chikamu che $ 17 trillion, uye chikwereti chayo kusvika kuGDP chikamu chaive chinopfuura 100 muzana.

Gore rakapfuura, chikwereti chakanga chakaoma panguva yekusarudzwa kweMutungamiri weChishanu. Zvakare, veti republic Republican vakarwa kuti vamanikidze United States pamusoro pematombo emari kunze kwokunge kushandisa mari kwapera. Dombo racho rakadziviswa, asi raireva bhajeti raizogurwa 10 kubva muzana bhodhi kuburikidza nekutsvaga.

Dambudziko rekwereta reUnited States rakatanga muna 2010. VaDemocrates, avo vaifarira mutero kuwedzera kune vapfumi, uye Republicans, avo vaifarira kupedza kuderedza, vakarwa pamusoro penzira dzokudzivirira chikwereti. MunaEpril 2011, Congress yakarambidza kubvumirwa kwegore reHurumende gore ra2013 kubhadhara kushandiswa kwemari. Izvozvo zvakavhara hurumende munaEpril. Muna July, Congress yakasimbiswa pakusimudza chikwereti padenga, zvakare kukamanikidza kushandiswa kwemari.

Congress yakasimudza chikwereti ichocho muna August, nekupedza Budget Control Act . Zvaida kuti Congress iwirirane munzira yekuderedza chikwereti ne $ 1.5 trillion pakupera kwe2012. Kana ikasaiti, yakakonzera kusarudzwa . Icho chinotarisirwa 10 kubva muzana kuderedzwa kweFY 2013 Federal Federal budget yakatanga muna March 2013.

Congress yakamirira kusvika mushure mekupedzisira kweChishanu Presidential Campaign yekushanda mukugadzirisa kusawirirana kwavo. Kusarudzwa kwacho, kusanganiswa nemitambo yepamusoro, kwakagadzira denga rezvemari iro raityisidzira kutadzisa kushaya mari muna 2013. Kusanzwisisa pamusoro pemigumisiro yemitaurirano iyi yakachengetedza mabhizinesi kubva pakuita mari inodarika madhora 1 triloni uye yakaderedza hupfumi hwehupfumi. Kunyange zvazvo pakanga pasina ngozi chaiyo yeUnited States kusasangana nezvikwereti zvayo, chikwereti cheUnited States chakakonzera kukura kwehupfumi.

Zvinoshamisa, dambudziko racho harina kunetseka nevatengi vemari. Vakaramba vachitsvaka mari yeUnited States . Izvi zvakafambisa mutengo wemari kusvika pamakore makumi mana emakore muna 2012.

Iceland Chikwereti Crisis

Muna 2009, hurumende yeIceland yakagumburwa sezvo vatungamiri vayo vakasiya basa nekuda kwekunetseka kwakagadzirwa nekunyika kwenyika. Iceland yakatora chikwereti chemari yebhangi yemadhora makumi matanhatu nemakumi maviri nematanhatu apo yakaronga mabhanga matatu makuru. GDP yeIceland yaiva $ 14 biliyoni chete. Somugumisiro, mari yavo yakawedzera makumi mashanu kubva muzana muvhiki inouya uye yakakonzera kutengesa kwekuwedzera.

Mabhenji akanga aita zvikwereti zvakawanda zvekune dzimwe nyika zvakapedzisira zvichishungurudzwa mumatambudziko emari muna 2008. Iceland yakarongedza mabhenji kuti irege kudzika. Asi izvi, zvakare, zvakaunza kuparadzwa kwehurumende pachayo.

Nenzira yakanaka, kukoshesa kwekushanyirwa, kutengesa mutero, uye kurambidzwa kwekuenderera mberi kwechikepe kwaive zvimwe zvikonzero zvikuru nei hupfumi hweIceland hwakadzoka kubva kubhadhara .