Kubvira pamakoroktareta kune kodzero dzemigodhi, kugadziriswa kwekugara kune timberland, tax bond certificates kune cell tower rent, kushandiswa kwemamwe maitiro kunogona kuva chisarudzo chinokumanikidza kune muiti wezvakanaka, pasi pemamiriro akanaka; kunyanya kune avo vane ruzivo rwakakosha kune imwe nzvimbo kana kuti mumatare emhuri yakakosha, izvo zvinogona kubatsira zvakanyanya kubva mune zvimwe zvikwereti zvemitero kana zvivako zvehurumende kupfuura avo vane mari yakawanda yemhuri.
Muchirevo ichi kune mamwe mabasa, tinotarisana nemibvunzo mina inokosha:
- Ndeipi imwe nzira yekutsinhanisa kana imwe nzvimbo yemari?
- Ndeipi mimwe mimwe mienzaniso yekushandiswa kwemamwe mabhizimusi kana mamwe masimba?
- Sei vatengesi vachitsvaga mamwe mazvikwereti kana mamwe masimba?
- Ndeapi mamwe mazano makuru uye zvipingamupinyi zvinosanganisira kushandiswa kwemamwe mabhizimusi kana kuti mamwe masimba mune imwe nzvimbo yakasiyana-siyana ?
Tarisiro yangu ndeyekuti iwe uchanzwisisa zviri nani pane pfungwa sezvo tichiongorora imwe neimwe yenyaya idzi pamaminitsi mashomanana anotevera; kunyanya maererano nezvimwe zvezvipingamupinyi zvakakonzera zvinogona kukukonzera marwadzo mazhinji ehupfumi uye mupfungwa uye kutambura. (Mukutsvaga mari, pane zvakawanda zvinotaurwa pamusoro pekutarisa pane zvingaita zvisina kururama.Nhau dzakanaka dzinowanzozvitarisira pachako.)
Chii Chimwe Chikwereti Chine Mari kana Zimwe Zvimwe Zvinhu?
Kuti uone kuti mamwe mafungiro aya anotsanangurwa sei, unoda kunzwisisa mazano maviri akafanana anozivikanwa seasset classes uye asset allocation .
Taura zvakajeka, chikamu chemafaro ndechechimiro chemafa ane imwe nzvimbo yezvifananidzi zvakafanana; somuenzaniso, kuti inoita sei kudzoka, zvipingamupinyi zvinosanganisira pakuve kana kuzvibata, kuwirirana kwayo nedzimwe dzimba dzepfuma kana masimba ezvemari zvakadai semitengo yemari .
Nhaka yekugoverwa inoreva kuvaka chimiro kana kuveza mapepa ehurumende yakawanda sekuenzanisa nehuwandu hwehupfumi wehupfumi huri kuda kushanda mune imwe nhengo yefasi.
Kazhinji, iyo yefa inopa ichagoverwa mumagwaro anonzi chirevo chekutsvaga mari . Takakurukura dzimwe nyaya dzaungada kufungisisa paunotarisana nekugadzirisa zvakakodzera purosi yekutsvaga muchikwata chinonzi Zvinhu zvekufunga paunenge uchienzanisa Nhamba yeAsset Class Exposure .
Nenzira, pane zvishoma zvingashevedza kuti "core" makirasi ekuti munhu anonzwisisa angatora kuwedzera kune yekusimwa kwayo chikwereti. Izvi zvinoreva kuti, kana iwe uri kutarisira sarudzo trust fund kana kuunganidza kambani yekuchengetedza mararamiro kana kubhadhara mari yekubhadhara mari yekuisa pamwe uye kuchengetedza nzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzewe kana ivo vagari venhaka, iwe unogona kuita kuti pane imwe nzvimbo kana zvimwe zvinotevera:
- Mari nemari yakaenzana
- Stocks
- Bonds
Sei izvi zvichiitika? Muchirevo chayo chakafara, kumwe kushandiswa kwekutsvaga, kana imwe nzira yekushandiswa kwezvinhu, ndiyo chero rudzi rwezvinhu zvisingatombovi mune imwe yezvikamu izvi. Izvi zvinoreva kuti kumwe kushandiswa kwekutsvaga hakuna chinhu chisingagadzirwa nemari, mashizha, kana zvisungo .
Ndezvipi Mimwe Mienzaniso Yezvikamu Zvimwe Zvokubhadhara Kana Zvinhu Zvimwe Zvimwe Zvinhu?
Kunyange zvazvo urongwa hwekutsvaga kwekutsvaga humwe huwandu, dzimwe dzezvaunogona kusangana nazvo munyika chaiyo dzinosanganisira, asi hazvirevi hazvo, zvinotevera:
- Real estate nezvose zvayo zvakawanda kubva kune zvinyorwa zvakagadzirwa zvakakwana, zvivako zvisingabatanidzi kubatana, real estate development corporations, uye REITs
- Tenzi mashomanana, ayo anogona kuita uye anoshandisa zvinhu zvose kubva pamapipi emafuta kusvika kumahombekiti makuru emitambo
- Mitero yezvikwereti zvikwereti
- Sangano kana nhengo dzebato mune bhizimisi rakachengetwa
- Zvimwe zvinhu, kusanganisira zvigadzirwa zvinokosha zvakadai segoridhe , sirivha, platinum, uye palladium, pamwe nemafuta asina mafuta, gasi chaiyo, ethanol, chibage, soya, gorosi, cocoa, kofi, shuga, girasi yakawanda yakagadzirwa nemarangi, oats, mombe mhenyu, mhangura , mutungamiri, zinc, tin, aluminium, nickel, uye cobalt
- Maitiro akachengetedzwa
- Farmland
- Timberland
- Mineral rights
- Zvinyorwa zvepfungwa zvakadai sekodzero dzekodzero, kodzero dzorwiyo, zvibvumirano, uye marangaridzo
- Pamwe pasi underwritten mortgages
- Zvikoro zvekubhadhara
- Yakagadzirirwa misha
- Art and colletibles
- Private equity
- Waini
- Mari inenge ine nhamba inokosha
- Venture capital
- Peer-to-peer akweretesa
- Viaticals
- Hedge funds
- Annuities
- Mvumo yemitero
Nei Vatengesi Vanotsvaka Kuwedzera Kwekubhadhara Kwemari kana Zvinhu Zvimwe Zvimwe Zvinhu?
Kune zvikonzero zvakasiyana-siyana mutengi kana maneja wemapatotikiti angangodaro achifunga kuwedzera mamwe mazvikwereti kune bhadharo.
Mune zvimwe zviitiko, dhora remari inokonzerwa kubva kune imwe nzira yekutsvaga inogona kunge iri pasi pemutero wemutero wakanyanya kufananidzwa kudarika dhora rinobudiswa kubva kune imwezve inotengeswa; somuenzaniso, kana muteresi kana mutengi ane mutero-kurasikirwa kwemitero yepamusoro kana kutora mitsara inogona kushandiswa kune rimwe rudzi rwebasa kana kuti inopa mari.
Mune zvimwe zviitiko, zvikonzero nemamiriro ezvinhu zvakananga kune iyo chaiyo yeklasi panguva iyo kubhadharwa kunofungidzirwa kungaita kuti mafasi ekasa avekwe seasina mari, uye naizvozvo inokwezva kune muridzi wekugara kwenguva refu, kupfuura mamwe marudzi emari inowanikwa mumusika; somuenzaniso, pakanga pane nguva panguva yeHarare Recession apo varairi vepfuma vaitenga zvakaderedzwa zvinyorwa mumaguta akadai saMiami, vachibhadhara chikamu chezvinhu zvavakafunga kuti yepamusoro yekutengesa kukosha kwaizove mune ramangwana.
Dzimwe nguva, mutengi kana vadzidzisi vake vane ruzivo rwakadzika kana unyanzvi hwakasiyana hunoiswa mune imwe nzvimbo iyo inogona kuita kuti mamwe masimari aite kuti ave nechinangwa. Semuenzaniso, kana muzvinabhizimisi ane ruzivo mune imwe nzvimbo yemafuta neyegesi aiva nezvinhu uye kushivirira kushandiswa kwemafuta makuru uye / kana gasi kuguma, ruzivo rwakasiyana-siyana uye ruzivo runogona kubhadhara zvakanaka sezvo zvichibvumira mubhadhari kumuderedza njodzi munzira dzomushambadziri asina ruzivo angatombofungisisa, regai kuziva kuti kune.
Mune mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu, kumwe kushandiswa kwekutsinhanisa kana kuti mamwe masayiti ekirasi inogona kunge yakagadzikana uye yakangwara ichiita kuti mutengi ave nehanya kupfuura mamwe mashizha emari. Semuenzaniso, kune vashandi vanobudirira vanofadzwa zvikuru nekutengesa mari nokuti vanofarira nzira yekuziva, mari, uye kutora pamba pakutangira uye mabhizimisi matsva; kuti vaone vachikura uye vachibudirira, vachiziva kuti vaiva chikamu chazvo.
Kune vamwe vatengesi, zvikuru avo avo vakuru, vasingadi kuva nematokisi uye zvisungo, vachida kunyora pasi pachedu matanho edzimba pavakakwanisa kuwana uye kugadziriswa. Zvinonzwisisika kwavari. Vanofunga kuti vanokwanisa kunzwisisa zviri nani zvingawanika nekuwana kurasikirwa, kunyanya kana vachienzaniswa nekusagadzikana kwezuva nezuva icho chikamu uye chikamu chokuva nekutengeswa kwevanhu vanobatanidzwa pachena.
Kune vamwe vatengi vanowana mabhuku emakodzero emimhanzi, pamwe nekutengeserana, mune zvekutengeserana, kana kuti kuburikidza nedare rekushungurudzwa kwematare nekuti vanonzwisisa nzira yekugadzirisa uye kubvumira kodzero idzodzo kumapoka anofarira. Zviri pachena kuti pakati pezvinonyanya kuzivikanwa kune vamwe vatengesi vanozivikanwa se "Gold Bugs" avo vanogadzira goridhe bullion mune mari yemari uye bharomu. Kune vazhinji vanowira mumusasa uyu, ndarama inenge yava kuda kuvhara iyo kazhinji haina kuonekwa seine musoro kune avo vasinganzwi kusungirirwa kwakafanana kuti vauye nesimbi inoshamisa.
Zvinobatsira uye Zvimwe Zvimwe Zvimwe Zvimwe Zvekutsvaga Mari muDhiversified Portfolio
Tatove takurukura zvakasiyana-siyana zvingabatsirika zvekutsvaga kwekutsvaga - mutero-wakanakira kana kuchengetedzwa kwemari kunoenderana nemamwe mamiriro ezvinhu, mashomanana asingakwanisi kutengesa zvinogona kutungamirira kumikana inoshandiswa, unyanzvi uye kugutsikana mupfungwa paunenge uchitarisana nemari inoshandiswa nevatengi, vanonzwisisa, uye anonzwa iye ane kukwikwidzana kana gadziriro yemakumbo kusvika pamakwikwi - naizvozvo zvichida zvakanakisisa kuisa pfungwa pane zvisingabatsiri, izvo kune zvakawanda. Izvo zvinyorwa zvakadai zvingave zvakakwana zvokuti ndinosarudza kuvhara mbiri dzandinotenda dzinonyanya kuipa.
Chokutanga, mamwe mazvikwereti anokwanisa kuoma uye anosanganisira zvikanganiso zvakavanzwa zvakavanzika. Kakawanda, kana iwe uchinge uchizviisa muzvinhu zvakadai sezvivakwa zvakagadziriswa, zvinogona kuva nekushaikwa kwekusajeka kunoita kuti zvibvirire kunzwisisa zvakananga njodzi dzauri kutora. Imwe mufananidzo chaiwo wenyika: munyaya yehurumende yehurumende pamusoro peMari Crisis ya2008-2009, komisheni yakawana kuti mamwe mari anotsigirwa nemabhengi ekutsvaga mabhizimusi akanga aita mune zvinowanzonzi "firiji yokugadzira" nekutengesa pfuma ine ngozi uye / kana kuderedza chikwereti isati yasvika pakuguma kwekupa nguva yekuita kuti mari iite seiriyo kune veneti.
Vadzidzisi ava vakapiwa pfungwa dzenhema dzenyaradzo pamusoro pezvavaiva nazvo uye nengozi iyo guta ravo rairatidzwa pachena. Izvo hazvisi zvisinganzwisisiki zvekuti dzimwe shanduko dzinoshandiswa kuti dziparadzwe zvachose, kurasikirwa kwakakwana kwevatengesi. Kutya kwakanaka kwakachenjera kana uchifamba mune zvakawanda zvezvinhu zvakanyorwa kare munyaya ino. Unyanzvi hwako hwekuti "kwete" -kubva kune imwe yekusimwa iwe usinganzwisisi zvakakwana-kunogona kuderedza mikana yekukamanikidzwa kutarisa pfuma yako ichikurira pamberi peziso rako. Usarega kutya kwekusara pane chimwe chinhu chinonakidza kuchiita kuti uite chimwe chinhu chisina maturo.
Chechipiri, kushandiswa kwemamwe maitiro kunogona kugadzira dambudziko, uye dzimwe nguva zvakaipisisa, mitezo yemitero. Somuenzaniso, fungidzira kuti iwe une chirongwa chekurega basa. Zvichida iSeP-IRA . Iwe unosarudza iwe unoda kuva nemafuta emapipeline master master partnership, kana MLP , kuburikidza ne SEP yako. Kunyange zvazvo zvichienderana nezvimwe zvikonzero, iwe wakasika mamiriro ayo SEP-IRA yako ingave iko zvino inoda kuisa mutero wayo wekudzoka uye, kuipa, kubhadhara mitero! Izvi zvichava zvakawanda zvekuwedzerwa kunetseka uye mari iyo iyo, pasi pemamwe mamiriro ezvinhu, ingave yakakosha, asi iyo inogona kunge yakashamisa kushamisika dai iwe usina kuziva kuti zvaive zvingaita.
Imwe mufananidzo: iwe unofunga kuisa mari muchibvumirano chako. Kubatana hakubvumirwi kubhadhara mutero wekubhadhara mutero pasinei nekugadzirirwa kupfuura-kuburikidza nemitero. Iwe unogona kuguma nemutero mukuru wemutero waunofanira kubhadhara muhomwe kunyange kana kubatana kusingaparidzi chero mari kwauri iwe mugore iroro remutero! Izvo zvinogona kunge zvakanaka kana iwe uine zvakawanda zvisingabatsiri zvakagara zvakapoteredza uye iwe unonzwa kuti hupfumi huri huri nani asi hunogona kugadzira dambudziko rechokwadi kana iwe waifanira kutengesa zvimwe zvinhu kana kukwereta mari kubhadhara mari yako kune IRS.
Zvinonzwisisika: Zviri pamusoro pepaiti ino zvakapiwa ruzivo uye zvinokurukurwa chete, uye hazvifanirwe kushandiswa sezvinoitwa mazano ekutsvaga mari. Pasinei nemamiriro ezvinhu iyo ruzivo runomiririra hutungamiri kutenga kana kutengesa zvigumisiro.