The Best Index Index Funds: Tsanangudzo, Mazano uye Mazano
Kusarudza yakanakisisa mari yekutengesa mari inotanga nekunzwisisa kwakasimba kwokuti index index inoshanda sei uye zvakanakira izvo zvinopa kuvarimi.
Zvichigoverwa kunzwisisa kwekodzero yemari yemari, mutengi ndiye anoziva nzira yekuzvidzidza uye nzira yekusarudza zvakanakisisa zvezvinangwa zvavo zvekutsvaga. Zvakakoshawo kuziva kuti nei hurongwa hwemari huri nani pane mari inogadziriswa.
Saka, pasina humwezve, ngatitangei kushanda pakudzidza nezvekodzero dzemari.
Index Definition uye Example
Kunyange kana iwe usati uri wekutanga, nzira inoenda kune yakanakisisa index yemari inotanga nezvinokosha. Mutsara, pamusoro pekutsvaga mari, inhamba yekuenzanisa shanduro dzevimbiso dzinomirira chikamu chinotsanangurwa chemusika. Semuenzaniso, S & P 500 Index , ndiyo shanduro yemangwana mazana mashanu (capital-cap) stock.
Kune zviuru zvehomwe huru-mashizha muzvinhu zvose zvekutsvaga mari asi shanduro yeruzhinji icharatidza zvakajeka kutengesa kwematengo emusika wose. Saizvozvowo kuenzanisa shanduro mukusarudzwa, zvingava zvakaoma uye zvisingabatsiri kuita zvibereko kuedza kuongorora sendima yese yevanhu kana, kana pane kunyora, kutora chikamu chose chemusika. Saka tsananguro inongororwa yezvivimbiso chimwe chete mukati memusika wemutengo-nyere-inogona kunyatsomiririra chikamu chose kunze kwekusanganisira zvivimbiso zvose mukati meganda.
Saka kana imwe nheyo yaumbwa, mutual fund portfolios inogona kuvakwa uye inowanikwa kune vatyairi.
Zvimwe kunze kweS & P 500 Index, pane dzakawanda zvimwe zvikwereti zvemashamba makuru , zvakadai seDow Jones Industrial Average, NASDAQ 100, uye Russell 3000.
Index Fund Tsanangudzo: Nzira dzeCashs Work
Nhepfenyuro yemari inowanikwa mari pamwe chete kana Exchange-Traded Funds (ETFs) iyo inonyatsocherechedza kushanda kwechiratidzo chekuenzanisa. S & P 500 Index fund yaizobatana nematokisi akafanana ari muhurukuro.
Pane senzi inobatanidzwa nekuva nekutsvaga kwakakodzera kune imwe neimwe, iyo inogona kuva mumazana kana zviuru, zvichienderana nehurukuro. Kuti uite rondedzero yemari, boka revatungamiri richafanira kusarudza kuti yakawanda sei (nhamba yezvikamu) zvekubata kwega rega pane urongwa kutenga.
Mhedziso ndeyekufananidza nehuwandu hwekuyera kwehuwandu pachayo. Nhamba dzinotarisa mabhizimisi kuitira kuti zvikamu zvakakura zvipiwe huwandu huwandu hwezviyero zvezviyo zvinonzi capitalization-inorema indekisi (aka cap-inorehwa kana kuti yekaseti yekodhi yakaiswa nhamba). I S & P 500 muenzaniso we cap-inorema index. Nyaya dzakawanda dzemari dzichaisa chikwata chakakosha-chengetedza nokutenga zvikamu zvekuchengetedza kuitira kuti mashizha ane ehomwe yepamusoro yakawanda iyo inobata mazana nehuwandu huwandu mune chikwereti chekwereti. Semuenzaniso, nzvimbo dzepamusoro dzaizova makambani akafanana neApple (AAPL), Microsoft (MSFT), Alphabet , (GOOG), uye Facebook (FB) nokuti aya ndiwo mahombekiti makuru akaenzana nemari yemari.
Makomborero e Index Index
Pane zvikonzero zvina zvinoita kuti vatengi vatenge mari yekutsvaga mari yekuita mari yavo: 1. kutadza kushandiswa, 2. kudhura mari, uye 3. kuparadzanisa kukuru.
- Passive Management: Index yemari inonzi i "passively-managed" nokuti mutungamiri wehurukuro yemari inotsvaga kutenga nekutora zvigadziro zvinomiririra rondedzero yechinangwa chekufananidza nekushanda kwekanyorwa, kwete kuitsvaga. Mukupfupisa, chikonzero chekutonga kusina kunaka kune mutyairi anowanikwa mumashoko okuti, "Kana iwe usingakwanisi kurova 'em, shandisa' em. '
- Mari shoma shoma: Indekisi yekuchengetedza mari haisi kunyatsotsvakurudza matanho uye haisi kuisa mishonga yakawanda. Izvi zvinoshandura kusvika kudhura mari, iyo inobatsira zvikuru mari yekodzero nokuti mari inodhura inoshandura kumitambo yakakwirira kune mutyairi. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, tsvaga mari yehurukuro nemari yakaderera mari yakaenzana. Semuenzaniso, chimwe chikonzero cheVanguard ine zvimwe zvemadhenari ekudhura kwepasimari nekuda kwemari yavo yerondedzero ndeyokuti ivo vanoita zvishoma kudengesa uye ivo vane avo vanogovera. Kana nhepfenyuro yemari ine mari yekutengesa ye 0.12 asi iyo yakafanana nehomwe ine mari yebhadharo ye 0.22, iyo inodhura mari yekodzero ine mari inoshandiswa pfupi ye 0.10. Izvi chete zvinongodarika masendi gumi chete ekuchengetwa kwemadhora evanhu 100 akashandiswa asi mari imwe neimwe inofanirwa, kunyanya kwenguva refu, yekuenzanisa.
- Kubudirira Kwemitero: Chikamu chekuchengeta mari shoma kuri kuderedza mitero pamariko kana zvichibvira. Kana zvikwereti zvikabatwa mumutero wekodha, mari inowanikwa uye zvikamu zvinokonzerwa. Nhepfenyuro yemari inowanzova nehope yepamusoro inowanikwa kuburikidza nekuda kwemaitiro avo.
- Kubvisa Diversification: Mumwe mukoti anokwanisa kutora kudzoka kwechikamu chikuru chemusika mune rimwe boka remari. Nhepfenyuro yemari inowanzotengeswa mumazana kana kunyange zviuru zvekubata; nepo mari inoshandiswa zvakasimba dzimwe nguva inoshandisa mari inenge isingapfuuri makumi mashanu. Kazhinji, mari ine huwandu hwezvigaro zvayo ine mikana yakashata yemakakiti kune avo vane zvishoma zvigaro; uye kurondedzera mari inowanzopa hutu hwekuchengetedzwa kune zvimwe zvidziviriro kupfuura vatevedzeri vayo vanogadzirisa.
Best Mutual Fund Companies ye Index Funds
Kana iwe uchida kana uchida kuchengetedza mari yako kune imwe yekambani yemari, kambani dzakanakisa mutual fund yekodzero yemari ndeyeVanguard uye Fidelity:
- Vanguard Investments : Musha we "Bogleheads," Vanguard ndeimwe yezvakanakisisa uye inofarira zvemakambani ekubhadhara mari kune vanhu vanozviita-iwe-iwe pachako. Muvambi Jack C. "Jack" Bogle akaumba kambani yepamusoro pechikonzero chake kuti mari yakaderera yemari yakakwana inogona kupa hudzo hwakanakisisa kune mutengesi wemakore akawanda. Bogle akadzidzisa kuti kusanganiswa kwepamusoro mari yekodzero uye maitiro evanhu erod error inodzokera kune mari yakachengetedzwa yakachengetedza kwenguva. Nokudaro, iyo inowanzofungwa nenzira yekudhura uye kubudiswa kwezvipingamupinyi zvepfungwa zvinoita kuti index index ive yepamusoro yevatengesi, kunyanya kune avo vane nguva refu yenguva (yakapfuura makore gumi).
Vanguard inopawo Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs) , iyo isina kumbogamuchirwa zvachose naBogle, uyo akanyora maEFs sechiitiko chinogona kuva nengozi kumushambadzi wepakati.
Kuvimbika Kwekutsvaga Mari: Zviri nani kuzivikanwa nemari yavo yakachengetedzwa uye sevanopa mishandiro ekurega basa uye zvigadzirwa, zvakadai se 401 (k) zvirongwa uye IRAs, pamabhizimisi nevamwe, Kuvimbika kungangodaro muvengi mukuru weVanguard nechisarudzo chikuru chekudhura index money.
Best Best S & P 500 Index Funds
Iyo yakanakisisa S & P 500 index index ine zvinhu zvishomanana zvakakosha zvakafanana. Vanochengetedza mari shoma, vanoita basa rakanaka rekufananidza zvinyorwa zvekutsvaga (zvinonzi tracking error), uye vanoshandisa nzira dzakakodzera dzokuyera.
Heano pane zvitatu zvehurukuro dzakanakisisa dzemari dzinoona S & P 500:
- Vanguard 500 Index (VFINX): Makore anopfuura makumi matatu akapfuura, Vanguard muvambi John Bogle akacherechedza kuti vazhinji vevatengesi vemabhizimisi vakashaya kuparadzanisa S & P 500 Index nguva dzose pamusoro penguva refu. Pfungwa yake yaingova kungofananidza kubata kweyo index uye kuchengeta mari shoma. Kunyoresa uye kushamwaridzana kwezvinhu zviviri zvakakosha zvekutsvaga kwekutsvaga uye Vanguard vane unhu hwakanaka hwakanaka.
- Kuvimbika kweSpartan 500 Index (FUSEX): Ukuru hwekuvimbika, ruzivo nekunyoresa uye kuda kurwisana neVanguard pamwe nekuita kuti index yavo yezvikwereti ive yechipiri kune Vanguard chete. Kazhinji purojeti mari iri pakati pevanopikisa zvikuru iyo haishamisiki maererano nemitengo uye kushanda. Pakupedzisira, mukwikwidzi unoita mari yakakwirira yemudzimai.
- Schwab S & P 500 Index (SWPPX): Charles Schwab akashanda nesimba kuti apiwe zvinopfuura kungoita rubatsiro rwekubhadhara mari kune vatyairi: Vakanyura zvakadzama muhomwe yemari mari yeVanguard uye Fidelity. Nhamba yavo yemari inowanzova yakakosha muhomwe yezvinodarika kupfuura ivo vakakwikwidza zvikuru asi kana iwe uchitova mutengesi weSchrab, iwe unogonawo kuchengetedza mari yekubhadhara kwekushandisa kunze kwe-network mari uye kushandisa shanduro yeScwab mari.
Best Best Stock Market Index Funds
Zvose zvikwereti zvemari mari yehurumende ndeye mutual fund iyo inoshandisa mubhakiti yematokari iyo inonyanya kuratidza mashizha ekutengesa uye kushanda kwechimwe chikwangwani, zvakadai seWilshire 5000 kana The Russell 3000. Kubata kunosanganisira vazhinji vekuAmerica stock zvibvumirano zvinoshandiswa pamakwikwi ematengesi, ndicho chikonzero "zita rekumusika" zita rinowanzobatanidzwa muzita remari. Kufanana neS & P 500 Index Funds, Wilshire 5000 inotengeswa nemari, izvo zvinoreva kuti makambani makuru (avo vane huwandu hwemari) inomiririra chikamu chikuru (ngachive pakati pezvinyorwa zvepamusoro) nehuwandu kune makambani maduku.
- Vanguard Total Stock Market Index (VTSMX): Vanguard ndiyo yekutanga yakakonzera uye VTSMX ndeye yekutanga mari yekutsvaga kutora mutengo wose. Nhamba yebhadharo ye1.16 muzana, VTSMX inogadzirisa zvakasimba kubata chero mutual fund fund.
- Schwab Total Stock Market Index (SWTSX) : Nhamba yebhadharo ye 0.09 muzana, zvakaoma kurova SWTSX kunze kwekunge iwe uchikwanisa kuwana mari shoma shomanana neimwe yeVanguard's Admiral Shares mari.
- iShares Russell 3000 Index Fund (IWV) : Ichi ndicho che ETF chinoshanda zvakanaka kune varairidzi vanofarira kukwanisa kutengesa zuva redu sematokari kana kana vachikwanisa kutengesa zvimwe zve ETF pasina mari yekubhadhara (mamwe makambani ehurumende yekambani anotengesa mari yekutengesa mamwe mari yemari). IWV ine chiyero chemari ye 0,20 muzana.
Best Best Bond Market Index Funds
Zvose zvinoshandiswa nehurumende yemakakatani zvinowanzoreva mazita ekutengeserana mari kana Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs) inoshandisa muBarclay's Aggregate Bond Index , inozivikanwawo seBarCap Aggregate, iyo inobatanidza huwandu hwehutano hunobatanidza hutengi hweUnited States uye dzimwe dzisungo zvekutengeserana muUnited States
Vashandi vanogona kutora kushanda kwebato rese rekubatanidza mari kuburikidza nekutsvaga muhurukuro mutual fund kana ETF iyo inoedza kudzokorora kushanda kwekanyorwa. Mari mienzaniso inosanganisira iShares Barclays Capital Aggregate Bond Index (AGG) uye Vanguard Total Bond Market Index Fund (VBMFX).
Index Mutual Funds vs ETFs
Nyorenda inoshandisa vs ETF nhaurirano haisi chaiyo / kana mubvunzo. Vatengesi vakachenjera kuongorora zvose. Mari nezvikwereti ndizvo muvengi wevatori venhau. Saka kuongorora kwekutanga pakusarudza pakati pezviviri ndiyo chiyero chemari. Chechipiri, panogona kunge kune dzimwe dzimba dzekutsvaga iyo imwe mari inogona kuva nekunaka pane imwe. Semuenzaniso, mutengi anoda kutenga mutsara unonyatsoratidza maitiro ekutengesa kwegoridhe kunogona kuzadzisa chinangwa chawo nekushandisa ETF inonzi SPDR Gold Shares (GLD).
ETFs inowanzova nemari shoma shomanana pane kuratidza mari. Izvi, zvingave zvinyorwa, zvinopa rutivi ruduku muhutori pamusoro pekunongedzera mari kune mutyairi. Zvisinei, ETFs inogona kuva nepamusoro yekutengesa mari. Somuenzaniso, ngatiti iwe une rekwereti yekwereti kuVanguard Investments . Kana iwe uchida kutengesa ETF, iwe uchabhadhara mari yekutengesa inenge madhora $ 7.00, asi chinyorwa cheVanguard chekutsvaga iyo index hachikwanisi kuva nemari yekubhadhara kana kutumirwa.
Nhepfenyuro yemari inowirirana mari uye ETFs inotengeswa sematokari. Izvi zvinorevei? Somuenzaniso, ngatiti iwe unoda kutenga kana kutengesa mari yekutengeserana. Mutengo waunotenga kana kutengesa hausi mutengo chaiwo; Ndiyo Net Asset Value (NAV) yezvivimbiso zvepasi, uye iwe unotengeserana neAV fund yeAV pakupera kwezuva rekutengesa. Nokudaro, kana mitengo yematengo inokura kana kuwira masikati, hauna kutarisira nguva yekushandiswa kwebhizimisi. Kana zviri nani kana zvakanyanya, iwe unowana zvaunowana pakuguma kwezuva.
Kusiyana neizvi, ETFs inotengeswa mukati mezuva. Izvi zvinogona kubatsira kana iwe uchikwanisa kushandisa zvishoma pamutengo wekutengesa kunoitika masikati. Iko shoko guru pano i IF . Somuenzaniso, kana iwe uchitenda mumusika uri kufamba uchikwira masikati uye iwe uchida kushandisa maitiro iwayo, unogona kutenga ETF pakutanga kwezuva rekutengesa uye kutora kufamba kwayo kwakanaka. Pane mamwe mazuva mutengesi unogona kuenda kumusoro kana kuderera neanenge 1.00 muzana kana kupfuura. Izvi zvinopa zvose pangozi uye mukana, zvichienderana nekururama kwako pakufanotaura nezvemaitiro.
Chimwe chikamu chekushanda-chakakosha cheE ETF ndizvo zvinonzi "kupararira," iyo ndiyo misiyano pakati pebhandi uye kubvunza mutengo wekuchengeteka. Zvisinei, kuisa pachena, dambudziko guru iri pano rine ETFs dzisina kutengeswa zvakanyanya, apo kupararira kunogona kuwedzera uye kusingagamuchiri kune mumwe munhu wevatengesi. Saka tarisa huwandu hwekutengeserana zvirongwa zveEFs, zvakadai saShares Core S & P 500 Index (IVV) uye chenjerera niche dzenzvimbo dzakadai semari inoshandiswa mune zvemari pamwe nemari yenyika.
Mazano Okupedzisira Okutenga Indekisi Mari
Pakati pese, mari yekuenzanisira inoshandiswa zvakanakisisa semakambani ekugadzirisa mune imwe nzvimbo yakasiyana-siyana. Semuenzaniso, varimi vazhinji vachashandisa S & P 500 index index kana mari yose yemakosheni index index kuti inomiririra chikamu chikuru (kureva 30 muzana kana makumi mana muzana) yepodfolio, pamwe nedzimwe mari zhinji mumapoka akasiyana-siyana achiwana zvishoma, zvakadai se10% kusvika 20 muzana imwe neimwe.
Kana iwe uine ruzivo rwakakwana kuti uve nezviyero zvakakwirira muzvikwereti zvako zvekutsvaga, iwe unogona kukodzera kune mamwe makirasi ekugoverana ane kunyange kudhura kwechirwere chezviyero kupfuura iyo mari yakanyorwa pano. Semuenzaniso, Vanguard ine imwe chikamu chekugovera, inonzi Admiral Shares iyo inopa mari shoma yakaenzana. IVanguard 500 Index Admiral (VFIAX) inoshambadza mari ye055 chete, asi VFINX ine chiyero chemari ye 0.16 muzana.
Zvinonzwisisika: Mashoko ari pawebsite ino anopa mazano ekukurukurirana chete, uye haafaniri kushandiswa zvisina kunaka sekutsvaga mazano. Pasinei nemamiriro ezvinhu iyo ruzivo runomiririra hutungamiri kutenga kana kutengesa zvigumisiro.