Kushungurudzwa muUnited States kwave nako kwenguva refu uye yakasiyana. Pakutanga, vatungamiri veMitemo-soro vaida kutevedzera mitemo yekusungira mitemo mushure memutemo weChirungu panyaya iyi.
Zvisinei, kubva panguva iyoyo, mutemo wakatora zvakawanda kuchinja uye kutendeuka.
VaFramers vakapa mitemo yokuputsa muSouth Constitution pachayo. Iyi urongwa inogona kuwanikwa muChitsauko I, chikamu 8, chinopa Congress simba re "... simbisa ... Mitemo yakasvibiswa pamusoro pekushungurudzwa muUnited States yose." Zvisinei, Congress haina kumboita pakarepo simba iroro. Yaiva makore anopfuura gumi mushure mokunge Mutemo weMutemo wakagamuchirwa pamberi peCongress yakatora nyaya yekubhadhara.
Munguva iyi, nyika dzakawanda dzakanga dzagadzira matanho akawanda ekuputsika kwekusarudzwa kwehutano hwenyika yose. Muzvokwadi, dzakawanda zvezvirongwa izvi zvaive zvakanyanya-chikwereti uye zvakagadzirirwa kuiswa mujeri kune vane chikwereti! Yakanga isiri kusvika muna 1833 pasi pemutemo wezvematongerwo enyika uye kune dzimwe nyika 1849 vasungwa vematokari vasati vabviswa zvachose.
First Federal Bankruptcy Mutemo
Muna 1800, Congress yakaparidzira mutemo wekutanga wezvemitemo inorondedzera kubhadhara, inonzi Bankruptcy Act ye1800.
Kufanana nehurumende dzakawanda dzehurumende panguva iyoyo, iyo Bankruptcy Act ye1800 yakanga yakatora chikwereti ichi uye yakangobvumirwa kubhadhara kusingabatsiri kwevatengesi vatengesi. Kwakange kusina zvipo zvevanhu kuti vazviise pachavo pachavo. Vamwe vanokwereta vane utsinye vakafunga kuti vaigona kubvunza chikwereti chakanaka kuti atange chikwereti chekubhadhara.
Zvisinei, pamusana pekunyunyuta kwakawanda kwehuori nekusarura, mutemo wakabviswa makore matatu gare gare. Ihurumende yakaramba ichishanda zvakasiyana-siyana kushandiswa kwenyika mukushayikwa kwemitemo yezvematongerwo enyika.
The Next Federal Bankruptcy Law
Mushure mokutya kwemari muna 1837, Congress yakapa imwe mutemo wekudarika, wainzi Bankruptcy Act ye1841. Nokutanga, mutemo uyu wekudarika wakabvumira vane chikwereti kuti vazvipe mari yavo yokuzvidira pasina chekwereti kuti avatange. Ichi chaive chigadziriswa mumutemo wekutuka. Muzvokwadi, ane chikwereti aigona kukonzera kubhadhara uye kugamuchira kubhadhara chikwereti. Mukuwedzera, mumwe munhu angave ane chikwereti, kwete kungoita mutengesi semutemo we 1800. Simba rekupa kubuda kwekutonga uye kutonga zvimwe nyaya dzine chokuita nekuputsa zvakagadzikana nematare eUnited States District.
Zvinosuruvarisa, zvakadaro, vatengi vanoona mutemo we1841 sekupa zvipo zvishomanana kune vanobhadhara chikwereti uye kubudisa chikwereti chakawanda kune vakawanda vane chikwereti. Nokudaro, mutemo we1841 wakabviswa muna 1843.
Nguva yechitatu?
Mushure mokumwe kutya kwezvemari uye US Civil War, Congress yakasarudza kuedzazve uye yakapfuura iyo The Bankruptcy Act ya1867. Mutemo wa 1867 wakanyatsotsanangurwa uye wakafukidzirwa mamiriro ezvinhu akasiyana-siyana.
Uyu mutemo waiva wokutanga kubvumira kusavhiringidzika kwekunamatira kune mumwe munhu, kwete vashambadziri chete. Dare reUnited States Dare rakagadzirirwa kusarudza "rejista mubhengi" mukuita kwebasa rinosangana nekunamatira. Zvinyorwa zvepamabhuku zvakange zviri zvinyorwa zvekare kare.
Zvinosuruvarisa, mutemo uyu zvakare wakakundikana muna 1888 pasi pezvinoshorwa zvakafanana zvakawira mapepa ekutanga bankruptcy rules. .
1898
Yakanga isati yasvika gore ra1898 apo Kongamire yekutanga yakapfuura mutemo wekuputsa wakazova, chaizvoizvo, usingagumi. Nekuda kweBhangeruptcy Act ya1898, kunyange zvazvo ichigadziriswa uye ichichinjwa kazhinji, hakuna kumbovezve dzimwe nguva dzekubviswa uye / kana nguva apo hurumende yehurumende yakanga isina mitemo yekushungurudza inoshanda.
Kuchinja kwa198
Mushure mekunge kuchinjwa kwemurairo we1898, Congress yakapedza Bankruptcy Reform Act ya1988.
Uyu mutemo wakaita shanduko yakazara uye yakajeka kugadziriro yebhengi. Mutemo uyu wakatanga kuita izvo zvinonzi "Bankruptcy Code." Uyu mutemo wakaita shanduko dzakasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira kuwedzera zvakanyanya kuwanda kwesimba rekubhadhara vatongi.
Bhuku reBhangeruptcy Reform Act ra1980 rakashandurwa zvakare nekutenderera kweBhangeruptcy Abuse Prevention uye Consumer Protection Act ya2005, BAPCPA yakava nemigumisiro yemakore ekudzidza pamusoro pekunakisisa kwekugadzirisa urongwa hwekugadzirisa mari, yakatora Test Test kuti uone kuti ndiani ane chikwereti anogona vanofanirwa neChitsauko 7 uye chinofanira kuisa Chitsauko 13 mhosva yekuwana chero zororo. BAPCPA yakaisawo mvumo yekugadzirisa zvikwereti zvekubhadhara chikwereti uye zvidzidzo zvekubhadhara chikwereti kune mumwe munhu.
Iko kwave kuri kushandiswa kwehondo nguva dzose pakati pezvido zvakasiyana-siyana, kunyanya kune avo vane chikwereti uye vane vane chikwereti. Kunyange zvazvo kune dzimwe dzakawanda shanduko zvisati zvaitika uye zvichienderana nemutemo we2005, aya ndiwo matanho makuru munhoroondo yekushungurudza muUnited States.
Yakarongwa naCarron Nicks muna April 2018.