Zvinhu Zvose Anopa Muridzi Wekufanirwa Kufunga Nezvokushandisa Mari
Zvinogona kureva musiyano pakati pekugara kunze kwemazuva ako mukunyaradza, apo uchipa nhaka kune vadyi venhaka yako kutenga imba kana kubhadhara pakoroji, kana kutora zvishoma, kubhadharwa kubhadharwa, vachitarisira kuti Social Security inobatsirwe ichiramba ichiwedzera . Zvinosuruvarisa, pasinei nechinangwa chakanakisisa, zvinoreva kuti vanhu vanokundikana pamabasa aya zuva rega rega.
Kunyange zvazvo zvisingabviri kuti imwe nyaya imwe chete ifukidze kunyange chikamu chevhu chakakosha kukuita iwe nyanzvi, kune zvinhu zvishomanana zvaunogona kuita pakutanga kwekufamba kwako kune rusununguko rwemari runogona kukubatsira kuti uve nyore kuenda pakutsvaka zviroto zvako ; yekutarisa mari yako yekushambadzira uye wekutsvaga mari yekushambadzira neuchenjeri uye unyanzvi pane kugadzirisa mafungiro pane zvose zvinoshandiswa uye kutendeuka kweDow Jones Industrial Average kana S & P 500 . Kunyanya, ndinoda kuisa pfungwa pazvishanu zvingakubatsira kuti uvandudze hupfumi hwako.
1. Cherechedza kuti iwe, uye manzwiro ako, ndiyo ngozi huru kune imwe yenzvimbo yako yepamusoro, ipapo uvandudze nzira yekuderedza dambudziko. Kana ndakakukumbira kuti uone kuti chii chaiva chipingamupinyi chinonyanya kukosha kumudzidzi wekutsvaga sezvaanoedza kuwedzera pfuma, iwe ungatii?
Nokufamba kwenguva, mhinduro yako ingadai yakashanduka zvichienderana nehuwandu hwekutsvaga mari mune zvawakarererwa kana kutanga kutanga kutarisa kumisika yepamusoro. Mazuva ano, ungangodaro uchifungidzira kuti iri mari kana mari. Iwe unenge wakanganisa. Kwemakore gumi kana maviri apfuura, ungangodaro wakafungidzira kuti yaiva nyaya yevanosangana nevekuchengetedzwa kwepasi rose kusarudzwa.
Iwe unenge wakanganisa. Muma1960, unogona kufungidzira kuti ichange iri chido chekutenga kuwedzera kwezvikwata. Iwe unenge wakanganisa.
Pano nepamusoro pekunyorwa kunofamba asi chimwe chinhu chinoramba chichigadzikana. Pasina mhosva, inenge huchapupu hwose hunoti kwauri , mubhadhari, sechikonzero chinonyanya kukonzera kukanganisa kwako kwemari. Kusiyana nezvinoitika zvezvematongerwo enyika vangave iwe unotenda, maitiro ezvoupfumi nemafambisirwo emari zvino anopa izvo zvandiri kugutsikana zvinopupurira zvinoshamisa kuti varume nevakadzi, kunyanya zvisinganzwisisiki, kazhinji vanoita zvinhu zvoupenzi zvikuru nemari yavo inoita kuti vatambure pamusoro pezvenguva refu- term. Kunze kwokuzviona mumashoko, izvo zvinonyanya kukosha, ndinozvipupurira muupenyu hwangu uye basa rangu. Vanhu vakangwara vakangwara, vanogona kubudirira kubudirira mumarudzi ose emamiriro ezvinhu, vadzima mari inokosha-mari iyo yakavatora makumi emakore kuti vawedzere - nokuti vanopedza nguva shomanana kunzwisisa zvavari, nei vanezvo, zvingani zvavo, nemashoko pane zvavainazvo, kupfuura ivo vanosarudza firiji itsva kana yakashamba uye yakaoma.
Nhamba idzi dzinogona kutyisa. Hazvisi zvisizvo kune vashandi kuti vaite basa chaiyo rekuita kwekutsvaga kwemari kuburikidza nezvikamu zvepakati pepakati; mukana wekuwana unogona kuva unoshamisa pamakore ema25 +.
Pano, pane zvingave zvingave zvingagadziriswa. Imwe ndeyokuzvipira iwe pachako pakuva nyanzvi yekugadzirisa mari yako pachako. Kana iwe uchifarira kuverenga tsvakurudzo yepamusoro pamusoro pekugoverwa kwemari, kuenderera muFomu 10-K kufungidzira, kufungisisa pamusoro pehupfumi, uye kufungisisa pamusoro pezvinhu zvakafanana nenzira yekuvaka yemari, iyo inogona kuva nzira yako. Kana iwe usingaiti, unoda mumwe munhu anogona kukuitira iwe. Imwe yemakambani makuru ekuchengetedza mararamiro munyika, Vanguard, ichangobva kuwanikwa mukutsvakurudza kwayo kuti pasinei nekuguma kwepamusoro mari, kubhadhara mari yavo mazano emari "kwete kungowedzera rugare rwepfungwa, asiwo inogona kuwedzera ne 3 peresenti yehutengo mu net portfolio returns kune nguva "(Mhedziso: pepa reVanguard Kuwedzera kwevashandi vezvemari , kutarisa kudzidza Francis M.
Kinniry Jr., Colleen M. Jaconetti, Michael A. DiJoseph, uye Yan Zilbering, 2014. Kuisa kukoshesa kukosha kwako: Kuenzanisa Vanguard Advisor's Alpha. Valley Forge, Pa .: Vanguard Group.) Kunyange zvazvo vakataura kuti nhamba yacho haisi yakanyatsozivikanwa nesayenzi, ichiti "[f] kana mumwe munhu, vatsigiri vanogona kupa zvakawanda kupfuura izvo zvakawedzerwa, kune vamwe, zvishoma. zvinogona kusvika 3 kubva muzana mapeji ekudzoka anouya mushure mumiriri uye mari. "
Mune mamwe mazwi, kushandisa chirevo chakanyanyisa, kana chikwereti chako chaive ne100 muzana mari yakaderedzwa mari yakadhura yakaita 10 muzana mushure mekubhadhara mari, ndezvekutadza kutarisa kushandira kune vadzidzisi sezvo zvichiita kuti iwe udzoke uri 10 muzana kunze kwe mupi wezvinotengeswa kana iwe, mazviri, zviwanikwa zvako zvingave zvakaderera pamusana pezviitiko zvekutsika (kutenga apo usingafaniri kutenga, kutengesa apo usingafaniri kutengesa, kuchengetedza nzvimbo dzakanyanya kuwedzera, kusazvidza mukana wekushandisa mamwe mitero arbitrage mamiriro ezvinhu kuburikidza nemazano akadai senzvimbo yekuisa pfuma, kukura uye kuverenga purogiramu yekushandisa mari panguva yechikamu chekugoverwa kwepodfolio, nezvimwewo) Kana ruzivo rwako rwakaedza kuitora roga rwaizoita kuti iwe uwane, uchiti, 5 muzana kana 6 muzana, iwe wakaguma uchiita zvakawanda mari pasinei nekubhadhara mari yakakwirira nekuda kwekuchengetedza uye ruzivo rwemugadziri. Kuisa pfungwa pamusoro pekudzoka kwakakosha kunenge kusina kukodzera, kunogona kuguma kukukweretesa zvakanyanya pane zvakarashika kusanganiswa kupfuura kudzivisa mari.
Unofanirwa kukura hurongwa hwakavakwa, hunoenderana nehutano hwakanaka hwekuchengetedza mazano, uye unonamatira kuburikidza nemamiriro ekunze akadzikama uye matenga ane dutu.
2. Kudai usingaiti nemitemo kana tsika, usaita zvisarudzo zvakasarudzwa zvekutsvaga mari yezvikamu zvezvisungo zvepodfolio yako zvichienderana nemanzwiro aunoita nezvezvinhu zvekambani kana mabasa. Benjamin Graham akanyora ndima yakanakisisa inobata pamusoro pechinhu ichi, iyo inogona kuwanika muna 1940 edition ye Security Analysis . Muchirevo chake chinoshamisa, akati, "Nenzira yakajeka dzose zvitatu zvekushambadzira kushandiswa kwemabhizimisi akashandiswa mudura redu ndeyemakambani mune bhizinesi rekucheka.Icho chinhu chiri chinonakidza, kwete nokuti chinoratidza hukuru hwekutsvaga kwekutsvaira, asi nekuda kwe yakasimba yeuchiyeuchidzo iyo inopa kuti mutyairi haakwanisi kutonga zvakachengeteka zvakakosha kana kuora mwoyo kwekuchengeteka kuburikidza nehupenyu hwake kune rudzi rwebhizimisi rairi kubatanidzwa.Nhoroondo yakareba kwenguva yakareba munguva yakapfuura, pamwe nezviratidzo zvakasimba zvehukama hwakagadzikana, pamwe nekushayikwa kwechikonzero chipi nechipi chekutarisira kuchinja kukuru kwekuipisisa munguva yemberi, zvichida zvichida chete chikonzero chakanaka chinowanikwa pakusarudzwa kwekugadziriswa kwekutsvaga kwekutsvaga. "
Pano, Graham akanga achitaura pamusoro pokuti kusarudza zvibvumirano uye kuchengetedzwa kwekusagadziriswa kwakagadzikana kune unyanzvi hwekusarudza kusarudzo. Iwe uri kutsvaga chikonzero chokuti usatenga chimwe chinhu sezvo chinonyanya kukoshesa iwe kana kuti kwete basa racho rinogona kudzorera mukuru mukuru akapikirwa pamwe nemari pamari yawakapa chikwereti. Mumwe mubhadhari uyo akaramba kutenga fodya (fodya isina tsvina) yakasarudzika mashizha kana zvisungo nokuti iye akanga asiri fanasi webhizimisi aifanira kuzvichengeta iye pachake nehuwandu hwehuwandu hwepamusoro uye / kana kudzoka kwakaderera. Kana kudzivisa zvikwereti zvakabudiswa nekambani dzefodya zvakakosha kwauri, izvi ndezvechokwadi iwe unofanira kutarisana. Upenyu hwakazara nekutengeserana-uye iwe wakaita chimwe chezvinhu zvekutengeserana. Iwe haugoni kugara uine chingwa chako uye uchidya, zvakare. Zvinogona kunge zvisina kunaka asi ichokwadi.
3. Funga nezvekuti mari yako yekusimwa mari yakabatanidzwa sei kune zvimwe zvinhu uye zvikwereti muhupenyu hwako ezvo edza kuderedza kuwirirana ikoko sekuchenjera sezvinogoneka. Paunenge uchitarisira mari yako yekusimwa mari, inobhadhara kufungisisa nezve nzira dzekunzwisisa kuderedza ngozi . Chinhu chikuru chekutengesa kuva nezvinhu zvakawanda zvezvinhu zvako uye zvikwereti zvakabatana. Semuenzaniso, dai wakagara muHouston, wakashanda mumashandisi emafuta, waiva nechinangwa chikuru chepurogiramu yako yekurega basa yakasungirirwa mumushandi wako, ane chikamu chebhenji rekuno, uye yakachengetwa zvivako zvezvivako munzvimbo yeHouston metro, yako yose Upenyu hwemari huri kunyatsobatanidzwa kune maonero ezvo simba. Kana iyo yero yeiri mafuta yaifanira kuparara, sezvakaitwa muma1980, iwe haungagoni kuwana basa rako pangozi, asi kukosha kwekuchengetwa kwako kwezvikwata panguva imwechete yako nzvimbo yako yekugara uye yebhangi inobatwa nekuda kwevarimi nevakwereta, uyewo munharaunda yeHouston, uine matambudziko akafanana ehupfumi iwe unopiwa kuvimba kwaro munzvimbo yacho. Saizvozvowo, kana iwe uchigara uye uchishanda muSilicon Valley, iwe hausi kuzoda mari yako yekurega mari mune zvekorosikeji. Pane kudaro, ungada kufunga kuti iwe uine zvinhu zvinogona kuramba zvichipemha mari kuburikidza nehupamhi uye hutete, nguva dzakanaka uye nguva dzakaipa, kunyange kana zvichireva kurera kudzoka kwakaderera ; somuenzaniso, kubata pfuma inowanikwa mubhuruu chip stocks , kunyanya makambani emakambani emakambani anoita zvinhu zvakadai semaguchi emasuo uye yekuchenesa mabhenji, kuchenesa zvinhu uye mashizha emasipi, doro uye zvakakanyiwa zvekudya.
Inowanzoita tsika yekuchenjera kutarisa kuburikidza nezvinhu zvose paunofamba iwe pachako uye bhizinesi mabhizimusi mashesi kamwechete kana kaviri pagore muchiedza chekuwana utera nekugadzirisa; nharaunda umo simba rimwe chete kana dambudziko rinogona kukonzera nekukonzera migumisiro yakaipa kunze kwenyika. Kubudiswa kwevakawanda kunogona kuva mari yekushandisa, yakadai semutengo we peteroli, chido chekuda, hutano hwehupfumi hweimwe nzvimbo, kugadzikana kune mumwe chete wezvokupa, kutarirwa kune imwe mhizha kana sarudzo , kana zvimwe zvimwe zvinhu.
Kune vashandi vakawanda, ingozi imwe chete yavanotarisana nayo ndeyekuvimba zvikuru nemari yekuyerera kubva kumushandi. Nokuisa pfungwa pakuwana zvinhu zvinobudirira izvo zvinokonzera kudarika mari inoyerera , uye nokudaro kusiyanisa kubva kumushandi, iyi njodzi inogona kunge yakaderedzwa.
4. Chenjerera kutarisa kwezvikwereti zvako nokuti zvinogona kureva musiyano pakati pekusununguka kwemari uye kuparadzwa zvachose. Pasinei nokuti iwe unofarira kuisa mari mumatanda kana pfuma, mabhizimisi ega ega kana pfuma yezvakagadziriswa, iwe unobhadhara sei pfuma inokosha zvikuru. Kana uchida, kana unosarudza, kushandisa chikwereti kuitira kuti uwedzere kudzoka kwako pamusoro uye kukubvumira kutenga zvimwe zvinhu kunze kwekuti iwe unyanzvi chete iwe unobvumira, mutemo wakanaka kana uchitarisira chikwereti chepfeko ndeyekudzivisa kukwereta mari shoma shoma kubhadhara kwenguva refu -term assets nokuti mari yekushandisa mari inogona kuoma uye kukusiya iwe illiquid kwenguva yakareba zvakakwana kukupinza mu bankruptcy. Zvakanaka, iwe unongoda zvikwereti nyore nyore-zvakagadziriswa mari inodiwa kudai izvo zvakagadziriswa nemitemo yemari. Kunyange zviri nani, iwe unoda kuti chikwereti ichi chive chisisarudzo, kana zvichibvira, uye kuti usakwanisa kukwanisa kubhadharisa chikwereti chekuendesa kwekuwedzera mari. Zvimwe zvekare zvinowanzoshandiswa. Semuenzaniso, dai iwe waiva mumbure wakakwirira unokosha munhu nemakumi emamiriyoni emadhora mumari uye mari yakaenzana, hazviiti hazvo kusava nehanya kuti uve nechimwe chinhu chakaita sechibvumirano chemari yechikwereti chakange chakazara nehupfumi hweHurumende uye mutero usingabhadhari municipal municipal bonds kuitira kuti uwane nyore kushandisa mari yako pasina kutengesa nzvimbo yako.
5. Usazvibvumira kukanganwa kuti nguva dzakanaka dzinopera. Izvi zvinoita sechinyanya kukosha panguva iyo nekutengeswa kwematengesi, misika yemasvingo, uye kutengeswa kwezvitengo pedyo, kana kurova, nguva yose-yakakwirira. Nhamba yemari yako inoderera mukutengeswa kwemarike. Zvichienderana nezvakanaka, zvinhu zvako zvichawanawo madonhwe mumari inoyerera iyo inoita. Nhengo yakanaka yekutsinhanisa mari inenge isingagoni kugadzirisa izvi, inotarisira. Kunze kwekuti iwe uri muduku, ivai nehutano husinganzwisisiki hwekutsungirira, uye uve nenguva yakawanda uye simba rekudzoka kana iwe usingafungi kana kuti uchitambudzika, zvinowanzove zvakangwara kuti urege kusvika paunenge uchiita mari. Tariro haisi inyanzvi yekutsvaga. Kana iwe uchiwana pfuma, iwe unofanirwa kuzviita pamutengo, uye pamashoko, kuti kana zvakanyanya kuitika zvaizoitika, iwe unogona kurarama usina kutanga kutarisa muhupenyu kana basa rako. Kune vashandi vakawanda, kana pfuma yave yakawanda, kusimbiswa kunofanira kunge kuri kuchengetedza upfumi ihwohwo kwenguva refu, kwete kunyanyisa kutsvaga zvinyorwa zvepamusoro zvinodzokorora, kunyanya kana iyi inotanga kubudisa njodzi yekudzima.
Iko Balance haisi kupa mutero, utsvaga, kana mari yemari uye mazano. Mashoko aya ari kuendeswa asina kufunga nezvezvinangwa zvekutsvaga, kushivirira kune ngozi, kana mamiriro emari yemumwe mutengesi chaiyo uye angave asina kukodzera kune varairi vese. Basa rekare harisi kuratidza migumisiro yemangwana. Kuisa mari kunosanganisira njodzi dzinosanganisira kurasikirwa kwatinoitwa mukuru.