Zvitsva Zvitanhatu uye Zvikamu Zvishanu zveAggregate Demand
Chikumbiro chakawanda ndicho chido chekuda kwezvinhu zvose nemashandiro mune zvehupfumi rose. Izwi re macroeconomic rinotsanangura ukama pakati pezvinhu zvose zvakatengwa mukati meyika nematengo. Zvose zvinotengeswa munyika ndezvimwe zvinhu zvose zvakagadzirwa munyika. Nokudaro, kuwedzera kwekutsvaga kunoda kuenzana nehuwandu hwezvakawanda zvemupfumi wehupfumi.
Icho chinotevera mutemo wekutsvaga unoti vanhu vachatsvaga zvakanakisisa uye mabasa kana mitengo inowira.
Iko kunofunga kuti zvimwe zvinhu zvinotyaira zvinoda hazvichinje. Economists inodana iyi ceteris paribus , kana zvimwe zvinhu zvose zvakaenzana. Icho chinoreva kuti mamwe mamwe mashanu ezvinyorwa zvekutsvaga anoramba akafanana. Iko mari, mari yezvinhu zvakabatanidzwa kana mabasa (ingave anobatanidza kana kuti vatsigiri), zvinonaka, uye zvinotarisirwa. Chirevo chechitanhatu chinosanganisa chete chikwata chekutsvaga nhamba yevatengi muhupfumi.
Zvose zvinoda kumhanya zvinoratidza huwandu hunotarisirwa pamutengo umwe neumwe. Izvo zvakafanana necheji inoda kudiwa inoshandiswa mu microeconomics. Icho chinoratidza kuti huwandu hwomunhu hwakanaka kana hupi hunochinja hunopindura mutengo. Zvose zvinoda kumhanya zvinoratidza kuti kuda kwenyika kunoshandiswa pakupindura kumatengo ose. Iwe unogona kuona izvi muchikwata chekuda kwepamusoro pamusoro.
Zvikamu Zvishanu zveAggregate Demand
Pane zvikamu zvishanu zvezvakawanda zvekutsvaga. Izvi ndizvo zvakafanana nezvikamu zveGDP .
- Mutengi achishandisa . Ndizvo zvinoshandiswa nemhuri pamiti yekupedzisira iyo isingashandisi kubhadhara.
- Kubhadhara mari yekushandisa mari. Iyo inosanganisira kutenga zvigadzirwa, zvivako, nekugadzira.
- Kushandiswa kwehurumende pazvinhu uye mabasa. Iyo haina kusanganisira kubhadhara mari, seSocial Security, Medicare, uye Medicaid. Haana kubatanidzwa nokuti haawedzere kudiwa. Aya mapurogiramu anoshandura zvinodiwa kubva kune rimwe boka (vateresi) kune rimwe (vanobhadhara).
- Zvokutengeserana . Icho chinoda kubva kune dzimwe nyika.
- Minus imports . Izvo zvinodzwa zvakagadzirwa nevagari vemuUnited States vasingakwanisi kugadziriswa nekugadzirwa kwemumba. Nokudaro, chido chinosiya marongerwo ehurumende yeUnited States.
Zvose zvinoda Mutemo
Chimwe chekudiwa chinotaridzwa nemhando inotevera yemasvomhu.
AD = C + I + G + (XM)
Inotsanangura ukama huri pakati pezvinoda uye zvayo zvishanu.
Zero Rakawanda = Mutengi Kutengesa + Imari Inoshandisa Kutengesa + Hurumende Inoshandisa + (Inotengeswa-Inotengeswa)
Nzira Yokuenzanisa Kuda Kwakawanda Kushandisa United States seMuenzaniso
US aggregate demand yaive $ 19.39 trillion muna 2017. Nenguva yakareba, iyi chidimbu chekutsvaga kwezvikwata zvakafanana neye inoshandiswa neBusiness of Economic Analysis kuverenga GDP. Heino nzira yekuverenga nayo. Shandisa Tafura 1.1.5 GDP yeBEA's GDP uye Personal Income Accounts.
- C = Kushandiswa Kwemunhu Pamwechete $ 13.40 trillion.
- I = Pasi Pose Dzimba Dzimba dzekubhadhara dzinodarika $ 3.21 trillion.
- G = Mashandiro ehurumende anoshandiswa ne $ 3.35 trillion.
- (XM) = Nhamba Dzekutengeserana Kwezvinhu Nebasa re - $ 0.57 bhiriyoni.
Wedzerai pamwe chete uye muwane $ 19.74 trillion.
Chikonzero nei US inotengesa Zvakawanda
Chinhu chinonyanya kukosha chekutsvaga zvinhu zvekutengesa uye mabasa.
Kunyange zvazvo United States ichigovera zvayo pachayo, inopinza zvinhu zvinogona kuitwa zvakanyanyisa kune dzimwe nyika. Izvi zvinosanganisira zviwanikwa zvemaindasitiri, mafuta, telecommunication, autos, zvokupfeka, uye midziyo.
Nyanzvi dzakawanda dzinoti United States yakarasikirwa nemakwikwi ekukwikwidza kwekugadzirwa kwezvinhu izvi, uye yava yeruzivo rwehupfumi. Kudiwa kunotungamirira kukura kwezvoupfumi, uye kukura kunoendesa kuda. Heino nzira iyo inoshanda. Sezvo mari inowedzera, vanhu vanogona kutenga zvakawanda. Sezvo vanhu vachitenga zvakawanda, makambani anogona kuita zvakawanda, uye ozobhadhara vashandi vakawanda. Mamiriro ezvinhu akanaka ndekukura kwakanaka uye kutengesa kwepamusoro .
Izvo Zviri Nyore Kwazvo US Kuda Kuramba
Sezvo kudiwa kunoenderana nemari yega pfuma uye pfuma, kuderera kunowedzera kuderedza zvinodiwa. Kunyangwe dambudziko remari ra2008 risati rasvika, mambure ekumhuri akaenzana nemhuri imwe neimwe yakasimuka 1.5 kubva muzana kubva muna 2001 kusvika muna 2004 maererano neshumo reGeral Reserve Reserve .
Sezvo kukodzero yakakosha haina kuramba ichiwedzera nehuwandu hwemakore mumakore aya, avhareji yemhuri ainzwa varombo.
Kuti zvikwanise kugadziriswa, mhuri dzakashandisa zvishoma nezvekubhadhara mari inotora chikwereti. Somugumisiro, chikwereti chekusungirwa kwekwereti chakatora chikamu chikuru chekuwana mari yemhuri. Kutaura zvazviri, nhamba yekubhadhara nguva (60 + mazuva) yakawedzerwa, kunyanya pakati penyika makumi mapfumbamwe nezana yehupfumi hwekuwana mari. Apo dzimba dzeimba dzikawa, imba yekuenzanisa yakaoma. Vamwe varidzi veimba vaifamba, asi vamwe vaisagona kugadzira imba pavakarasikirwa nemabasa avo.
Somugumisiro, chikwereti chevatengi chakawira. Kubatanidzwa kwepfuma shoma, mari shoma, uye kuderedza chikwereti kwakaderedza US kuda. Sekuyerwa neGDP, chido chakawira 0.3 muzana muna 2008 .