Chii Chinoitika Kana Nyika Isingakanganisi?

A Tarisa Zvinoitika Kana Nyika Isingakwanisi Kubhadhara Mari

Kutengesa kwevatengi zviitiko zvinowanzoitika. Vanokwereta vanotanga kutumira tsamba uye kutumira foni, uye kana pasina chakaitika, pfuma dzimwe nguva inogona kudzorerwazve. Asi, chii chinoitika apo nyika yose inopera pazvikwereti zvayo? Zvinoshamisa kuti nyika dzakawanda dzakasarudzwa kamwechete munguva yehupenyu hwavo, kunyange zvazvo zvingave zvisina ruzivo rwevamwe pakati pevagari varo kana vatyairi.

Kubva kuFrance muna 1558 kusvika kuArgentina muna 2001, mazana emarudzi akashandura pane kana kuti akadzorera chikwereti chavo munhoroondo.

Kuvhiringidzika kwezvinhu izvi zvakashata zvakasiyana kubva pane zvisingaiti (sekuita nehutachiona husina kukodzera) kune kuderera kukuru muhupfumi hwavo nehuwandu hwemazuva mazhinji huripo huri kuenderera mberi nhasi.

Muchikamu chino, tichatarisa kune dzimwe nyika dzakakurumbira dzinokanganisa, chii chakaitika kune dzimwe nyika, uye kuti vatengesi vanogona kutaurira sei matambudziko mberi.

Musiki akakurumbira Akashata

Firipi II weSpain akaita kuti mukuru wekutanga ave mutongi muna 1557 uye nyika yake yakasara katatu kakawanda nekuda kwemari yehondo uye kuderera kweiyo yegoridhe. Chikonzero chacho? Icho chinoitika kuti mambo ari kubhadhara chikamu che50% zvegore negore pane zvikwereti zvitsva zvisati zvaitika. Kubva panguva iyo, nyika yakasarudzwa nguva 15 pakati pe 1557 ne1939 nekuda kwezvikonzero zvakasiyana-siyana.

Mexico yakashandura pane chikwereti chayo chichitevera Peso Crisis muna 1994. A 15% kudhura mu peso yakaenzana neDhora reUnited States yakaita kuti vatengesi vedzimwe nyika vatange kutsvaga mari uye kutengesa zvikamu.

Panguva imwecheteyo, hurumende yakamanikidzwa kutenga madhora eUnited States nemadhora ekuenzanisa kubhadhara zvikwereti zvehurumende. Nyika yacho yakagadziriswa ne $ 80 bhiriyoni kubva kune dzimwe nyika.

Chimwe chiitiko chekupedzisira iArgentina, iyo yakasara pane chikwereti chayo kunopera kwegore ra2001 ne $ 132 mabhiriyoni mukwereti. Mari yacho inomirira imwe-yechinomwe yemari yose yakakweretwa nenyika yechitatu panguva iyoyo.

Pashure penguva yekusava nechokwadi, nyika yakasarudza kudhura mari yayo uye pakupedzisira yakakwanisa kudzoka neGDP kukura kweanenge 90% kune makore mapfumbamwe kubvira.

Chii chinoitika mushure mokutadza?

Nyika inofanirwa kunge yakasiyana chaizvo neyamabhizimisi kana vanhu. Panzvimbo pokubuda kunze kwebhizimisi, nyika inotarisana nezvimwe zvisarudzo. Kazhinji nguva, nyika dzichigadzirisazve chikwereti chadzo kana kuwedzera chikwereti chakafanira zuva kana kukonzera mari yavo kuitira kuti iwane mari yakawanda.

Mukufamba kwenguva, nyika dzakawanda dzinotarisana nenguva yakaoma yekutsvaga yakateverwa nenguva yekudzoka (uye dzimwe nguva nokukurumidza) kukura. Semuenzaniso, kana nyika inotarisa mari yayo yekubhadhara chikwereti chayo, mari yepamusoro inotarisa inoita kuti michero yavo inodhura kutengeserana uye inobatsira iyo michina yekuita, izvo zvinozobatsira kusimbisa hupfumi hwayo uye kuita kuti kubhadhara chikwereti zviri nyore.

Iceland yaiva chinhu chinokosha muna 2008 kana ichibvumira mabhanga ayo makuru kuwira pasina kuvarasisa kunze kwekubatsira kune dzimwe nyika. Vazhinji vanopfuura 50 000 vagari vakarasikirwa nehupenyu hwavo uye hupfumi hwepasi pose hwakanyanyiswa, asi nyika yakakurumidza kudzoka uye GDP yayo yakawana kusvika ku3% yekuwedzera kwegore ra2012. Vakawanda vezvematongerwo enyika vakataura kunyika semuenzaniso wenguva yemberi.

Vatengesi vanozopedzisira vakwereta zvakare kune avo vasina-mvumo yenyika nokuti havasi kurasikirwa nechinhu chose - sebhizimisi kana kuti pachake pachechi. Pane kudaro, nyika dzinowanzogadzirisa chikwereti (kunyange mumatauriro asina kunaka) uye dzichagara dziine zvinhu zvekudzoka mumugwagwa. Mushure mezvose, nyika haigone kunyatsovhara masuo ayo nokusingaperi.

Kufanotaurira Changamire Kufa

Kufanotaura kwekutonga kwakakwana kunonyanya kuoma, kunyange kana zvinhu zvichiita sezvisina kunaka kunyika. Semuenzaniso, vatsvakurudzi vakanyevera nezvechikwereti cheJapan chevanhu kwemakore gumi nemashanu, asi chichiripo pane zvinodarika 200% zvePGDP neine chidimbu chechidari kupfuura iyo yakatanga kuderedzwa muna 1998. Nokuenzanisa, nyika dzakawanda dzakasara zvakaitwa zvakadai pamadhora mashoma makumi matanhatu kubva kuGDP!

Hurumende dzinowanzotadza nokuda kwezvikonzero zvakasiyana-siyana, kubva pakuderedzwa kwakasununguka kwenyika yose inotenderera kune mari isina simba.

Asi madzimambo mazhinji anotadza anokonzerwa nedambudziko rebhangi. Zvidzidzo zvakaratidza kuti chikwereti chevanhu chinokura kumativi maviri kubva kune zvitatu mumakore mushure mekuoma, asi dambudziko munyika yakapfuma rinogona kuchinja nokukurumidza hurumende inotenderera munyika dzenharaunda.

Vashandi vemunyika yose vanofanira kuchengetedza pfungwa idzi mupfungwa pavanenge vachiongorora kushandiswa kwezviwanikwa pasi rose.

Key Takeaway Points

• Nyika dzakawanda dzakasara kamwechete munguva yehupenyu hwavo, nedzimwe nyika dzisina kutora kanopfuura gumi kubva kuma1500s.
• Panzvimbo pokubuda kunze kwebhizimisi, nyika inotarisana nehuwandu hwezvingasarudzwa uye kazhinji inoshandiswa kugadzirisa chikwereti chavo panzvimbo yekurega kubhadhara zvachose.
• Hurumende dzinowanzotadza nokuda kwezvikonzero zvakasiyana-siyana, kubva pakuderedzwa kwakasununguka kwenyika yose inotenderera kune mari isina simba.