Kudyidzana kwenyika dzepasi pose uye zvakakonzerwa nehupfumi

Kubatana kweNyika Dzepasi Pose Kunobatsira Sei Vashandi Vepasi Rose?

Kudyidzana kwenyika dzepasi pose kwakakanganisa zvikamu zvose zvehupenyu hwemazuva ano. Kunyange zvazvo vamwe vagari vomuUnited States vangave vasingakwanisi kuwana Beijing, China pamepu, ivo zvirokwazvo vanotenga nhamba yakawanda yezvinhu zvakagadzirwa ipapo. Maererano ne2010 Reserve Reserve Bank yeSan Francisco mushumo, anenge 35.6% yezvimwe zvipfeko uye shangu zvakatengeswa muUnited States zvakanyatsogadzirwa muChinese, zvichienzaniswa ne3.4% chete yakaitwa mumusha.

Muchikamu chino, isu tichatarisa kunze kwezvinoreva zuva nezuva zvekudyidzana kwepasi pose uye kune hutano hwezvehupfumi hunoita kuti vatengesi vepasi rose vagone.

Kudyidzana kwenyika dzepasi pose Makomborero Munyika Kuwanda

Nyanzvi dzakawanda dzezvemari dzinobvumirana kuti kudyidzana kwepasi pose kunopa rubatsiro rwemhando yehupfumi hwenyika dzakasiyana-siyana, kuburikidza nekuita misika yakawanda, kuwedzera kukwikwidzana, kupedza kukakavadzana kwehondo, nekuparadzira upfumi zvakaenzana munyika yose. Zvisinei, vanhu vose vanowanzofunga kuti mari inobatanidza kudyidzana kwenyika kudarika zvikomborero, kunyanya munguva shomanana, iyo yakakonzera matambudziko atinoongorora mune chikamu chinotevera chekuchengeteka .

IkoMilken Institute's Globalization yeNyika yeHurumende yeEconomy inoratidza humwe huzhinji hwezvibatsiro hunoenderana nekudyidzana kwepasi pose nekurondedzera zvimwe zviitiko zvinowanzobatanidzwa nehurumende nevatengi vanofanirwa kufunga. Asi, muhutano, pane kubvumirana pakati pezvedzidzo kuti kudyidzana kwepasi rose kunopa rubatsiro rwemarudzi kune dzimwe nyika uye saka rinofanira kubvumirwa kune vose nehurumende nevanhu.

Zvimwe zvezvibatsiro zvekudyidzana kwepasi rose zvinosanganisira:

• Foreign Direct Investment . Kutengeserana kwenyika kunze kwenyika ("FDI") kunowedzera kuwedzera pamwero mukuru kudarika kukura mune zvekutengeserana kwenyika, zvichibatsira kukura kwekombiyuta, kugadziriswa kwemabhizimisi, nekukura kwemakambani epasi rose.
• Technology Innovation . Kuwedzera kukwikwidzana kubva kudyidzana kwepasi pose kunobatsira kukurudzira hutsvaji hutsva hukuru, kunyanya nekukura kweDDI, iyo inobatsira kuvandudza hupfumi hwekuita kuburikidza nekuita zvirongwa zvakanyanya.

• Economies of Scale . Kudyidzana kwenyika dzepasi pose kunoita kuti makambani makuru ave nekuona hupfumi hwehuwandu huri kuderedza mari nemitengo, iyo iyo inotsigira kukura kwehupfumi , kunyange izvi zvinogona kukuvadza mabhizimisi maduku akawanda achiedza kurwisana munyika.

Zvimwe zvezvipingamupinyi zvekudyidzana kwepasi pose zvinosanganisira:

• Kuwirirana. Kudyidzana kwenyika yepasi pose kunotungamirira kudyidzana pakati pemarudzi, izvo zvinogona kukonzera nzvimbo dzenharaunda kana zvepasi pose kana kushanduka kwenyika kwekugumira kunopedzisira kuchikonzera nyika zhinji dzichivimba nazvo.
• Simba Rwenyika. Vamwe vanoona kusimudzika kwenyika, nyika dzakasiyana- siyana kana dzepasi pose uye masangano epasi rose sekutyisidzira uchangamire. Pakupedzisira, izvi zvinogona kukonzera vamwe vatungamiri kuti vave vahedheni kana kuti vanhu vane utsinye.
• Equity Distribution. Kubatsirwa kwekudyidzana kwepasi pose kunogona kusaruramisirwa kune nyika dzakapfuma kana vanhu, zvichiita kuti kusava nekuenzana kukuru uye kutungamirira kumakakatanwa anokwanisa munyika yose uye munyika yose semugumisiro.

Tariffs & Zvimwe Zvimwe Zvekudzivirira

Dambudziko rezvemari ra2008 rakaunza vatori vezvematongerwe enyika vakawanda kuti vasave nekodzero dzekudyidzana kwepasi pose. Kubvira panguva iyo, nyika yose inotenderera inowira kubva ku $ 11 trillion muna 2007 kusvika kune chetatu chechipiri ichocho muna 2012. Kunyange zvazvo dzimwe dzingadaro dzichienda mumamiriro ezvinhu, nyika dzakawanda dzakagadziriswa mitero uye mamwe maitiro ekuchengeteka akagadzirirwa kuva nematambudziko mumatongerwo emari uye anoita zvinetso zvinoparadza zvishoma, kunyange izvi zvinouya pamutengo wekusiya zvatinowana.

MuUnited States neEurope , mitemo mitsva yebhangi yakatumirwa iyo inoshandiswa mari shoma kuitira kuti kuderedze njodzi yekupararira. Mitero yakagadziriswawo kuitira kuchengetedza mishonga yeminda yakaonekwa seinokosha, yakadai semari 127% yeAmerica pamapuranga eChitina kana kuti Japan ye 778% mutero wekutengesa mupunga. Munyika dziri kusimukira , nhamba idzi dziri kunyanya kuipa, uye mari yeBrazil inenge yakapetwa kanomwe kupfuura America uye katatu yakakwirira kupfuura yeChina.

Kusarudzwa kwaDonald Trump muUnited States uye svondo yeBrithani yekubva kuEuropean Union - inozivikanwa se'Brexit '- yakapawo sangano rekurwisana nenyika. Aya maitiro ave achiendeswa nemanzwiro anopikisa kune dzimwe nyika muEurope, kunyange zvazvo sarudzo dziri kuitika muna 2017 dzakaratidza kuti inonyanya kufambidzana kwepasi pose pane kupesana kwepasi rose.

Kudyidzana kwenyika dzepasi pose kunogona kudzivirirwa pamusoro pemakore akawanda, asi pane zvakawanda zvipembenene mumugwagwa mushoma. Izvi zvinowanzokonzerwa nematambudziko emari kana mamwe emigumisiro yakaipa yekudyidzana kwenyika, asi pakuguma, nyika yakagara yakwanisa kudzidza kuti kudzivirirwa kunogona kuita kuti mamiriro ezvinhu akaipa awedzere.

The Bottom Line

Kudyidzana kwenyika dzepasi pose kwakakanganisa zvikamu zvose zvehupenyu hwemazuva ano uye hunoramba huri simba rinokura mumutengo wepasi rose. Kunyange zvazvo kune zvipingamupinyi zvishomanana kuhuwandu hwekudyidzana kwenyika, vazhinji vezvematongerwo enyika vanobvumirana kuti isimba risingaiti uye risingabatsiri kuhupfumi hwepasi rose. Ikoko nguva dzose pane nguva dzekudzivirirwa uye zvekusimudzira nyika munguva yakapfuura, asi kudyidzana kwepasi pose kunoramba kuri iri sarudzo yakagamuchirwa kupfuura yose yekugadzirisa kusagadzikana kwehupfumi pasi rose.