A Tarisa Chii Chichaitika seAmerica uye EU Kuronga Zvinangwa Zvimwe
Muchikamu chino, tichacherechedza mazano emari yemari , matambudziko ake pamisika yepasi pose, uye mamwe maitiro ekusiyana kwemitemo yemari.
Nheyo yeMari 101
Mutemo wezvemari ibato guru rebhandi rekushandisa mari yekushandisa mari nemari yezvibereko kuburikidza nemhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzehutano hunoita kuti zvive nemigumisiro yakafanana nehuwandu hwekuwedzera uye basa.
Iro mitatu inonyanyozivikanwa yemari yematongerwo emashandisirwo anosanganisira:
- Open Market Operations - Kutenga uye kutengesa zvibvumirano zvehurumende kuti uchengetedze huwandu hwezvokuchengetedza mubhengi uye hune huwandu hwehuwandu hwemari.
- Discount Rate - Inharaunda inofarira iyo mabhanhire aripo pamari yenguva pfupi iri kubhengi guru, iyo inosanganisira zvikwereti zvakakura zvekudyidzana kune imwe nyika yezvemari.
- Reserve Requirements - Kuwanda kwemari yemari iyo mabanki inotarisirwa kubata pamabhengi ebhangi, izvo zvinoita kuti zvikwereti zvikwereti.
Migumisiro yeMagodhi Makamba
Izvo mari yemagadziro emitemo yeU.S. neEU inoshandiswa pamisika yepasi rose nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana nekuda kwehutano hwakabatana hwehupfumi hwenyika.
Zvinowanzoitika zvinosanganisira:
- Kushandiswa Kwemaitiro - Kuonga kwedhora kunowedzera humwe hupfumi 'mutengo wokukwikwidzana uye kunokurudzira vatengi vekunze kutenga vatengesi vekuAmerica uye veAmerica kutenga zvinhu zvakatengeswa. Somugumisiro, US tightening ingave yekuwedzera kune dzimwe nyika dzine masimba ekutengeserana akasimba.
- Chivi chepakutanga - Kuonga kwedhora kunoita kuti mari yemunharaunda yemunharaunda yakabatanidzwa muUS $ madhora mari inodhura. Somugumisiro, nyika dzakawanda dzinotengesa mabhizimusi uye makambani ekune dzimwe nyika vanogona kunge vane ruzivo rwakanyanya rwekubhadhara chikwereti, izvo zvinogona kunge zvakakanganiswa kune dzimwe nyika.
Correlation - Mari yeUnited States Treasury bond inobatsira zvikuru kune dzimwe nyika dzisungo, nemhaka yehutano hwakasanganiswa hwehupfumi hwepasi rese. Somugumisiro, chikwata chekudhara muAmerica chinowedzera zvibereko paZvigiro zvinogonawo kuguma kuwedzera kwezvibereko zvehumwe humwe hutongi hutongi hunokonzerwa nemari yakakwirira yekuchengeteka.
Zvinokanganisa Dhigiridzi
Kusiyana pakati pemitemo yemari yeUnited States neEuro inoratidza kusiyana kukuru kwezvakakosha munharaunda imwe neimwe. MuU.S., hupfumi hwehupfumi nehuwandu hwekutengeswa kwemari hwakaita kuti kuve nekukwira kwezvibereko zvayo neFederal Reserve inodikanwa kuti isapedze mazai ehupfumi. MuUnited States, kuwedzera kwehupfumi hwehupfumi kwakatungamirira European Central Bank (ECB) kuderedza nhamba yezvibereko munharaunda isina kunaka uye kutevera mamwe maitiro ekukurudzira.
Dambudziko nderokuti idzi dzakasiyana-siyana mitemo iri kusimbisa dzimwe nzira dzakasiyana-siyana mumisika yemari. Semuenzaniso, iyo ECB yawedzerwa Asset Purchase Program yakakonzera kuderera kwehutano hwehutano hweUnited States pasinei nekufungidzira kwekuwedzera kwekuwedzera kwemari inowanikwa mumusha.
Izvozvo zvinokonzera zvakaoma kufanotaura zvimwe kunze kwekutaura kuti maitiro emari emhuri anogona kuva nezvakaoma zvakaoma pakuzadzisa masimba avo kana vachikwikwidzana nemasimba ekunze.
Izvo zvinowanzoitika kubva kune zvakasiyana-siyana mazano emari zvichawedzerwa kusagadzikana kubva pakufungidzira kune dzimwe nyika mitemo yezvisarudzo. Semuenzaniso, zvisarudzo zveEECB zvicharamba zvichirwisa maranho eUnited States uye sarudzo dzeUnited States dzichava nemigumisiro yakawanda pamisika inotanga kubuda. Vashandi vanofanirwa kuve vanoziva mazano ari kutevedzwa mune imwe neimwe yezvikamu izvi uye vanovimbisa kuti nzvimbo yavo yepamusoro inonyatsokwanisa kugadzirisa.
Key Takeaway Points
- Nyika iri kuwedzera kuwedzera pasi rose, iyo yakaita kuti mari yemitemo inoshandiswa nehupfumi hukuru huwedzere kuchinja.
- Kune nzira dzakawanda dzakasiyana-siyana dzokuti mari yezvisarudzo zvingakanganisa marongerwo enyika, kusanganisira kuchinja, chivi chepakutanga, nekubatana.
- Divergent yemitemo yemari inogona kuwedzera kuwedzera kwekutsvaga mumusika, izvo vashandi vanofanirwa kuziva kuti vanofambira mberi.