Kuwana Kururamisa Kwakakodzera Pakati Pezvikwereti neCash Reserves
Usati wambosati wamboita huwandu hwemari inotengeswa iyo yakaendesa zviyero muvhu, haisi yose yekare kare iwe unogona kuzarura kambani yekutengeserana , sarudza mari yemakethe yemari kana imwe nzira yakadaro , uye nekushivirira kumirira kuti uwane mari inofadza apo iwe iwe akaunganidza 4 muzana, 5 muzana, kana 6 muzana pamari yako; zvikwereti uye chikwereti chaibhadhara chete semubairo wekuchengetedza kushandiswa kwemaoko.
Izvozvo zvinoratidzika kuti zvine musoro kubva kumubvunzo uyu zvinosanganisira nzira ine ngozi yekufunga. Inowanzoenda chimwe chinhu chakadai: "Kana ini ndine [x muzana] yepodfolio yangu mune mari, uye mari isingabatsiri, sei urege kuikandira yose mubhuruti chip stocks , mari yekucherechedza , kana zvimwe zvivimbiso kuitira kuti ndiwane chimwe chinhu , kunyange kana zvikamu zvishoma zvishoma? " Inogona kuve yakanzwisisika pamusoro pepamusoro asi ichi ndicho chikanganiso chemamate; chimwe chausingaoni kuona chinopindurwa pakati pevapfumi kana vadzidzisi vanoziva zviri nani.
Vaya Vanonyanya Kuita Vashandi Vanowanikwa Chekuita Mari MuPortfolio Yenyu Kune Maitiro Akawanda
Vanonyanya kukoshesa mabhizimisi munhau vanozivikanwa nekuchengeta mari yakawanda yemari pacho, kazhinji nokuti vanoziva kuburikidza neruzivo rwekutanga ruoko rwezvinhu zvinotyisa zvinogona kuwana nguva nenguva; kakawanda kakawanda kupfuura kwete pasina kunyeverwa. Warren Buffett ari kugara pa $ 60 mabhiriyoni panguva ino.
Charlie Munger aizotora makore achivaka mari yakawanda kusvikira afunga kuti akawana chimwe chinhu chiri pangozi uye akachenjera zvikuru. Tweedy Browne, vatungamiri venhau inofanirwa Tweedy Browne Global Value Fund, vane 18 muzana yemari yekuchengetedza mari. Havasi zvachose vasina kujairika. Zvechokwadi, apo kambani yezera guru uye yekare yekutenda yakaita chidzidzo chemhuri 1 821 745 muUnited States nemapatoti ekutsvaga mari anokwana $ 3,000,000 kana kupfuura, vakawana chimwe chinhu chinotyisa. Sezvandakatsanangurira kana ndichinyora data:
- 8 kubva kune 100 vakabata 50 kubva muzana kana kuti mamwe mahofisi awo emari
- 14 kubva pa100 vakachengetedza 25-50 muzana emahofisi avo emari
- 40 kubva pa100 vakabata 10-24 kubva muzana yezvikwata zvavo zvekushandisa mari
- 38 kubva pa100 vakabata zvishoma pane 10 kubva muzana zvezvikwata zvavo zvekushandisa mari
Ndinoona izvi nguva dzose. Ndinoziva mumwe mutungamiri mukuru uyo akaunganidza pfuma yake padziviri pasi. Uyu munhu anopa mari inenge yakazara muimba yekutengesa, asina zvishoma kune chikwereti, haashandisi kadhi rechikwereti, anokweretesa mari yezvose, uye anochengetedza zvakakwana madhora 150 000 nguva dzose mubhangi rekuno. Nguva imwe neimwe yatinopinda mune imwe nyika, iye achatenga dzimba dzakawanda dzinotambudza, dzichivandudza ivo, uye dzinozovashandisa kunze kune vashandi, vachigadzira imwe nzvimbo yekuwana mari.
Ndiyo mari mumapatoliyo anoita izvi zvichiita; kukuvhara nekukurumidza kushandiswa kwemashoko kana mukana uripo, pasina chikonzero chekugamuchira mvumo kana mazwi okukwikwidza kubva kubhangi paunenge uchiverenga kutengesa kwemari. Mari yacho inobatsira kubudirira kwose kunyange kana ichiita sokuti haisi kuita chinhu kwenguva refu. Mukutsvaga mari yeparlance, ichi chinozivikanwa se "pfumbi yakaoma". Mari yacho iripo yekushandisa mikana inonakidza; kutenga zvigaro kana zvisingabhadhari, kuderedza mari yako yekutengesa kana kuwedzera mitsva inoshandiswa mitsva .
(Dambudziko rekusimbisa mari yekuchengetedza mari mune imwe nzvimbo inotarisirwa kune zviyero izvo varimi vasina ruzivo vanowanzosanzwisisa musiyano pakati pei: 1. kubatanidza / mazano, sezvakataurwa naJohn Bogle naBen Graham, 2. mazano ekugadzirisa, kufanana nevaya vanotsigirwa naPeter Lynch, Ben Graham, Warren Buffett, naCharlie Munger, uye 3.
nguva yekutengesa, iyo yekupedzisira iyo inoshamisa zvikuru uye kune dzimwe nguva inotungamirira kuzvikamu zvishoma. Ndakanyatsoona vaviri vekutanga, zvose zviri zviviri zvakatsigirwa nezvizvarwa zvezvidzidzo zvedzidzo zvisingagoni kutsoropodza panguva ino, inonzi maranho nguva dzisinganzwisisi kuzvidzora nevanhu vanoita sevanenge vari nyanzvi! Zvinenge zvichishamisa kana zvisiri kushungurudza nekuti iri mari chaiyo pamutsara; mari iyo isina ruzivo inotarisirwa kubhadhara zvikwereti zvavo, kuisa zvokudya mukati mavo, nekuchengeta denga pamusoro pemisoro yavo.)
Rimwe basa remari mumapatoti ako ari kushandiswa semari yakachengetwa iwe unogona kutora pasi apo mazimusi anotora kana kugoverana kwezvikwata akavharwa kwemwedzi panguva imwe, zvichiita kuti zvinhu zvigadziriswe zvisingakwanisi. Buffett anofarira kutaura kuti yakafanana neokisijeni; munhu wese anozvida uye anozvitora zvishoma kana zvakawanda asi mukutambudzika, ndizvo chete izvo zvinokosha. Kunyange iyo inotungamirira mari yemari inokurudzira kutora mwedzi mitanhatu inoshandiswa mari inoshandiswa muDICIC yekuchengetedzwa kwekuchengetedzwa, kuchengetwa, kana kuti mari yemakethe yemari . Mune simba iri, mari ndiyo inishuwarenzi yemhando dzakasiyana zvachose nekukwanisa kuwana zvinhu zvinoyevedza; iwe unoda iyo ipapo kuti ufukidze zvikwereti pavanouya nokuti sezvo dutu richikurumidza uye iwe haugone kutora mamwe mari yako. Inodzokera kune izvo zvandakambotaura pandakataura Bhenjamin Graham: Muravi wezvokwadi haawanzogombedzerwa kutengesa zvigadziro zvake. Chirongwa, hurongwa hwehutungamiri hwehupfumi, hwakanaka, hazvidikanwi kunyange kunyange munguva yakaoma pane dzimwe nguva.
Izvi zvinonyanya kukosha kune vashandi vemari. Chimbofungidzira iwe unogadzirisa kuchengetedzwa kwepabheti yakachengeteka inenge 3 muzana, zvinhu zvose zvinofungidzirwa, nokuda kwepodfolio yako. Iwe une $ 500 000 unoisa parutivi uye inotengeswa pamutengo wekubhadhara mari ye 2.8 muzana. Nokuchengeta 10 muzana kubva muzana, kana $ 50,000, mumari, tinogona kupinda mune imwe nzvimbo yekare, muna 1973 kusvika ku1974 kuputsika kwemaitiro kana kuti kuipa, kuparara kwa1929-1933, uye iwe haufaniri kutengesa chero chekubata kwako kuti uwane mari yako inoyerera inoda, zvisinei kuti yakaipa zvakadini kunyange kana zvikwereti uye chikwereti chezvikwereti chakarasikirwa kana kupfigirwa nekutya kwekutengesa kuedza kuponesa mafirisi ari kushanda, kwemakore matatu nemwedzi mitatu. Neyo mari ipi zvayo yakanga ichiri kuuya-uye pane zvaizova nevamwe sezvo makambani akawanda akashanda zvakaoma panguva iyo kunyange Kukuru Kwekunyanya kuchengetedza kubhadhara mari kune vadzidzisi vavo, kunyange kana zvikamu zvegoverwa zvikapfuura 10 muzana - izvo zvingatambanudza kusvika kwenguva yakareba .
Chimwezve chikamu chemari mumapatoti ako ndezvepfungwa. Iyo inogona kukuita kuti usungirire nemari yako yekutsvaga kuburikidza nemarudzi ese emari, emisika, uye mune zvematongerwe enyika kuburikidza nekupa rugare rwepfungwa. Paunotarisa nhepfenyuro yekutsvaga deta, saiyo yakaiswa pamwe naIbbotson, unogona kushandura zviitiko zvekutsvaga kwezvakaitika kune zvakasiyana-siyana zvinyorwa. Kunyange zvazvo inowanzoshandisa sengo / bvumirano yekugadzirisa, chidzidzo chechidzidzo chinoramba chiripo kana ukaongorora kuti kuiswa kwepakati pe10 kubva muzana ne30 muzana yehupfumi nenzira yekusagadzikana kunobatsira zvikuru kuderedza kusagadzikana kworuzhinji mune chero ipi zvayo yechokwadi- world backtesting. Kuva nechitsime chekuchengetwa kwemari umo iwe unogona kuvhara, uye icho chinoshanda sechikwata apo mararamiro ehutano, zvivako zvezvivako, kana misika yezvisungo, zviri muhutano husingaperi, inotinyaradza zvishoma mune zvehupfumi zvinogona kupa .
Kusarudza Nhamba Yemari Unofanirwa Kuchengetedza Pamba Yenyu
Kune vanhu vazhinji, iyo yakakwana yepamusoro yemari yekugamuchira mari kuti igare iripo ndeye mari yekukurumidzira kwemwedzi inenge mitanhatu, sezvatotaurwa kare mukupfuura. Emergency funds inokubvumira kuti uwane nenjodzi dzisingafungi kana zvishamiso zvisingafaniri kutengesa zvinhu zvako, zvichikonzera mitero uye zvingangove dzimwe nguva zvisingafariri zvakanakisisa zvako. Kune vashandi vanodarika madhora mazana mashanu emadhora emabhadharo akaenzana uye avo vane makore anenge 10 kubva kure nekurega basa, zvinogona kuva nekunzwisisa kuti varambe vari 100 muzana vanochengetwa muzvikwereti, zvichida zvakananga kana kuburikidza nemari yemhando yakadaro, sechikwata chekukurumidza mubhadha remukati ( kana kupi zvako kwawakasarudza kurima) unozadzisa basa rimwe chete. Pasina kupfurikidza, uye pasi pemamiriro ose ezvinhu, mari iyi inokurumidzira inofanira kutarisirwa nehuwandu hwekuchengetedza hurongwa . Usatora ngozi. Kugamuchira kudzoka kune yechipiri. Chengetedza dhora rinodhura kuwandisa muhofisi yako.
Kana uchinge waenda mberi kweizvozvo, mari shomanana yemari inonzi inonzwisisa inogona kusiyana. Ichokwadi, kune mapenzi anoita zvinhu zvakadai sepamusoro-kuwedzerwa hedge funds nekutengesa kukuru kunotsvaka kuunza kudzoka kunze kwenyika asi kana zvinhu zvichienda kumaodzanyemba - zvinogara zvichiita uye zvicharamba zvichiri-zvinenge zvakaoma kupukunyuka mugumo we Long-Term Capital Kutungamira, iyo yakakanganisika inoputika yakaonekwa kuti inounza kudzoka kwe21 muzana, 43 kubva muzana, uye 41 muzana mushure mekubhadhara mari, pamwe chete, mumakore emakore kusvika kune matatu, kungova nehuwandu hwekuputika kwegore rose. Uye zvakare, vari kutamba ne "mamwe vanhu" mari "uye vanenge vasingaiti chikonzero chokuti vasafuratira masvingo; iyo njodzi inotyisa yemitemo isingaiti inobudirira chinhu chiduku. Handisati ndamboona munhu ane ruremekedzo ruremekedzo rwemagariro anopfuura makumi mashanu nezana uye vazhinji vevanyengeri vakangwara vanosarudza kuchengeta 10-20 kubva muzana muzana. Mune maonero angu, uchapupu hwezvidzidzo hunonyatsoratidza kuti huwandu hwekutengesa / hutengesi hwekutengeserana hunoitika pane imwechete pakati pe10-20 muzana yemari yemari (kana 30 muzana kana ukabatanidza mari nemari yakachengetwa mari). Kana pane imwe nzvimbo, inoti, $ 5,000,000 zvinogona kureva kubva kune $ 250,000 kusvika ku $ 1,000,000.
Ichokwadi kuti dzimwe mhuri dzinobudirira dzinobhadhara mameneja emapatotiki uye dzinovarayira kuti varambe vakachengetedzwa zvizere. Semuenzaniso, kana iwe ukaswedera kune imwe nhengo yemasitemu uye ukavaudza kuti iwe uri kutora zvaunoda zvinenge zvichitarisirwa, zvaizova zvakanyatsonaka kuti varege kuchengetedza mari iri muruoko rwemuzinda waunoshandisa pasi pekutonga kwavo nokuti iwe wakatora sarudzo kune zvaunoda kuti mari yako igove uye iri kuvapa iyo yose yekugoverwa kwaunenge uchida kuti vaite.