Iko Economists Shandisa International Dollars
Roy C. Geary akasika dhora reGeary-Khamis, kana kuti nyika yepasi rose, muna 1958 kuratidzira shanduko yegore iri kuchinja uye ikozvino kuchinja kwePPP.
Kubvira pakuzivisa kwayo, dhora renyika yose rave iro metric yekusarudza kumasangano enyika dzakadai semu International Monetary Fund ("IMF") kana kuti World Bank pakuenzanisa upfumi nemari pakati penyika.
Chii chiri kutenga Purchasing Power Parity?
Kutengesa simba sangano rakagadzirwa muzana remakore rechi16 kuti rione kukosha kwehuwandu hwemari dzakasiyana uye kushandiswa kwekushandurwa kwemari. Panofungidzira, zvinhu zvakafanana zvinogona kuva nemutengo mumwechete mumisika dzakasiyana apo mitengo inoratidzirwa mune imwe chete mari isipo yekutengesa mari uye yezvokutengeserana. Saizvozvowo, kupesana chero kupi zvayo mumitengo yekutengesa kwakaenzana nekushandurwa kwemari kushandiswa kwemari.
Zvechokwadi, kutengesa mari uye zvingangoita zvekutengeserana zviripo muupenyu hwechokwadi sezvo kushandurwa kwemari haisi nguva dzose yakaenzana neyoyo. Saka vashandi vezvematongerwo enyika vanofanirazve kudzokorora kushandiswa kwemari mari yehuwandu hwemari yekutsvaga simba rekutengesa kwemaonero ehurumende inokonzerwa nezvinotengeswa zvekutengeserana uye zvipingamupinyi zvebhizimisi
Izvo zviyero ndekupedzisira izvo zvinozivikanwa seGeary-Khamis madhora kana "nyika dzakawanda".
Kutendeukira kuDzinyika Dhidha
Mari inoshandurirwa kumadhora emarudzi ose akazadzikiswa nekuparadzanisa mari yehurumende yenyika nePPP kushandiswa kwemajeri kuti asvike kudunhu rose renyika.
Semuenzaniso, 500 000 ISK (Icelandic Krona) yakakamurwa ne 121.91 PPP kushandiswa kwemari yezvibereko I $ 4,101.38. PPP kushandiswa kwehuwandu hunoendeswa nemhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzemarudzi akawanda kusanganisira IMF uye World Bank.
Purogiramu yePPP yokushandura, kana PPP kushandiswa kwechikonzero, inhamba yezvikamu zvenyika yekushandiswa kwemari inoda kutenga mari yakafanana yezvigadzirwa nemabasa mumusika wemisika sezvo US dollar ingatenga muUnited States. Chaizvoizvo, nhamba idzi dzinobatsira vatengesi kuenzanisa mari yezvigadzirwa zvinogadzira chigadzirwa chakashata chemuzinda ("GDP") munyika dzakawanda dzakasiyana maererano neUnited States.
Kukosha kweMari Dzepasi Pose
Mamiriyoni emadhora akave anokosha zvikuru munyika umo mari yokushandura mari inowanzoshandiswa. Semuenzaniso, World Bank inofungidzira muna 2005 kuti imwe yenyika yose yairenda yaive yakaenzana ne8.88 yuan Chinese, iyo yakanga yakawanda kubva kune iyo inoshandiswa shanduko yekutengesa. Kukundikana kukonzera kuchinja uku kunogona kutungamirira pakuona kwakasiyana zvakasiyana kwehupfumi hweChina.
Kutengesa simba kweparity kusiyana kunogonawo kuva kwakanyanyisa kana zvichiuya kuGDP per capita kana zvimwe zviyero. Semuenzaniso, GDP yainzi India GDP per capita yaiva $ 1,491 muna 2012 apo PPP GDP per capita yaiva $ 3,829.
Nyika dzichiri kubudirira dzinowanzova nePPP yakakwirira apo nyika dzakabudirira dzinowanzova nepamusoro mazita, asi mazita uye maPP maitiro akafanana muU.S. sezvo inoratidza.
Vashandi vemunyika yose vanogona kushandisa madhenari emarudzi ose senzira yekufananidza nengozi dzemari uye vanoona kuti mari yakawanda-kana inotengeswa mari inofananidzwa ne'kukosha kwemukati '. Mumuenzaniso uri pamusoro apa, vatengesi vanogona kugumisa kuti chiChinese chiChina chinonyanya kukoshesa uye chinogona kutarisa rusvingo pakurwisana nekusimudzirwa kwekuwedzera pamusoro penguva refu kana iri panjodzi yekugara.
Saizvozvowo Mitezo
Chiyero chakafanana chekuti mari yezvokwadi inokosha ndeye Economist's Big Mac Index , iyo inowanikwawo pakutenga mutengo wemari. Asi panzvimbo yekuverengera kukanganisa mutengo mumatengo, kambani inoshandisa mutengo weMcDonald's Big Mac, iyo inotengeswa pasi pose.
Uwandu hwebrigger hunoita kuti chiyero chifananidzwe zvakakwana pakuverenga kukosha kwemari yemari.
Somuenzaniso, fungidzira kuti Big Mac muUnited States inodhura imwe dollar uye mu euroz inodhura ma euro maviri. Nhamba yeA Big Mac Index ye EUR / USD ichava 2.0, kana ma euro maviri akaparadzana nedhora rimwe chete, iro rinogona kuenzaniswa nehuwandu hwekushandura. Chinokosha chiri pasi kudarika hurumende inogona kuratidzira kuti mari yacho haina kukodzera uye pamwe chete nemari yakawandisa.
Mamwe mapoka akasika kuenzanisa kwakafanana achishandisa zvose kubva ku Apple iPhones kusvika kuChesebucks kaffeffe, sezvo zviri michero inotengeswa pasi rose. Kunyange zvazvo mamwe ematricriyamu angave asina kushandiswa zvishoma, uye anongova zvisinganzwisisiki zviyero, vatengesi vepasi rose vangada kufunga nezvekushandisa zviyero zvakarurama kwazvo.