Chisarudzo chako chekuisa chinogona kuva nezvakawanda kune iwe waunogara uye kuti chii iwe newawakaroorana naye chaunoshandisa iwe uyo ane chikwereti chikwereti. Asi kuti usarudze nzira yako yakanakisisa yekuita uye kana iwe ukakanda kana iwe wawakaroorana usingadi, unofanirwa kutarisa chikwereti chakazara uye mufananidzo wefaji yevamwe vaviri.
Mark naEllen
Sezvatiri kutarisa nyaya idzi, zvinyorwa zvingava zviri nyore kunzwisisa kana tikashandisa mienzaniso. Funga nezvaMark naEllen, vanogara kuTexas, inharaunda yehurumende yehurumende. Vose vane kadhi rechikwereti uye chikwereti chechiremba mumazita avo pachavo. Vane kadhi rekwereti rekwereti ne First Bank. Ivo pamwe chete vane pamba yavo uye vose vakasayina chikwereti. Mukuwedzera, ivo vari voga vakatenga uye vakabhadhara motokari panguva yemuchato.
Ndiani Anopa Imba?
Kune kazhinji kakawanda kakavhiringidzika apo murume nemudzimai vanoroorana pamusoro pevane pfuma. Iwe hausi kungova wekubatana nemuridzi weimba yako yawakagara iwe iwe usati waroora. Iyo dzimba icharamba yakasara yevakaroorana yako, kunyange iwe uchigara munharaunda yenharaunda yehurumende. Nzira imwe chete yaungagona kugovana nehupfumi yemuvakidzani wako semunhu asina kuroorwa ichava yemumwe wako kuti akupe iwe kana, kunyanya mune imwe nzvimbo yekutengesa dzimba, kuchinja kana kuisa iyo kwauri.
Community Property States uye Common Law States States
Zvingangodaro iwe unogara munharaunda yehupfumi yenyika inogona kukanganisa kuti bhadhadzi inotungamirirwa sei. Kana iwe newawakaroorana naye muchigara munharaunda yehupfumi, nzvimbo yako yakasiyana yakatumidzwa " inharaunda ." Iwe unogona kuva nemugove wega wega wakapinza muwanano kana kuti iwe wakapiwa kana kuti wawana nhaka munguva yewanano, asi yakawanda pfuma yakawanikwa panguva imba yacho inonzi inzvimbo yedunhu.
Izvi zvinoita kuti zvipi zvipi zvive chikamu chekugadzirisa nzvimbo, kana muteresi anogona kutora imba yekubhadhara chikwereti, zvikwereti zvipi zvichange zvasunungurwa, uye ndiani anowana kubatsirwa kwekubudiswa.
Nhamba yezvematongerwo enyika anoona nzvimbo yemuganhu inoshoma (iyo yose inonzi "common law" states):
- Arizona
- California
- Idaho
- Louisiana
- Nevada
- New Mexico
- Texas
- Washington
- Wisconsin
- Alaska
Sezvo Mako naEllen vachigara kuTexas, nzvimbo yehupfumi yehupfumi, iyo yose iyo yavakatenga sezvo vakaroorana inhengo yevanhu. Izvi zvinosanganisira musha wavo, motokari dzavo (kunyange zvazvo ivo pachavo vari ivo voga vane chikwereti chemari yemotokari), kunyange mari inobva kumabasa avo.
Nharaunda Yenharaunda Yakatorwa Sei muBanruptrupt Case?
Kunyange zvazvo Ellen asingatyi kubhadhara mari, nzvimbo yose yemunharaunda iyo inosanganisira kufarira kwayo munharaunda inova chikamu chemari yekudarika. Kana Mark naEllen vaigara mune imwe nyika yemutemo, iyo chete iyo yaaive nayo yega yega uye kufarira kwake pamwe chete pfuma yaizova chikamu cheimba. Nemhaka yokuti vari munharaunda yehupfumi yehupfumi, nzvimbo yemunharaunda iyo isingabhadharwi (yakachengetwa mubhadhadzi) inogona kutorwa neye musimboti uye inotengeswa kuti ibatsire Mark chikwereti.
Kana Ellen achisarudza kuisa chikwereti zvakare, zvichienderana nehurumende yaanogona kushandisa sarudzo yake yekusunungurwa (iyo inogona kuwedzera zvakapetwa muwandu hwekuregererwa kwemunharaunda).
Ndiani Owes Chekwereti?
Panewo huwandu hwekuvhiringidzika pakati pevakaroorana sekuti ndiani ane mhosva yezvikwereti mumhuri. Kuroora mumwe munhu hakurevi kuti iwe wakangoerekana watora pane zvemari yemudiwa wako. Chikwereti chinoramba chiri mutoro weiye wakambotanga kubvumirana nazvo. Iwe uri wega wekutora chikwereti chawakapinda iwe pachako kana chikwereti chawakapinda muchibvumirano (kana usati waroorana kana kuti kwete).
Nokudaro, Mark ane mhosva pamakadhi ake echikwereti nematokari ezvokurapa, First Bank credit card, chikwereti chemusha, uye chikwereti chake chemotokari. Ellen ane mhosva pamakadhi ake emakadhi uye nematokari ezvokurapa, First Bank chikwereti chekwereti, chikwereti chemusha, uye chikwereti chemotokari yake.
"Chikwereti cheMunharaunda" Chaipo?
Kunyange zvazvo vamwe vanhu zvakare vachitaura nezvezvikwereti zvinowanikwa panguva yemuchato sezvikwereti zvemunzvimbo, hapana chaicho chakadaro. Mudzimai anokweretesa chikwereti ndiye ane mhosva, nezvishoma zvisiri izvo zvinowanzomuka apo munhu asina kufambidzana akawana rubatsiro apo chikwereti chaishandiswa kuwana zvigadziro.
Ndezvipi Zvikwereti Zvinosunungurirwa Mukudarika Kwakaitika?
Kana Mako akaisa faira chete, kubudiswa kunongoshanda chete kumutoro wake wematokisi ake akasiyana uye chikwereti chemunharaunda. Dambudziko reEllen pachake haibatsiri. Vanokweretesa vanogona kutora kubva kwaari mushure mekunge Mako apera.
Kuti udzidze zvakawanda nezvekuregererwa kwezvikwereti mubhadhadzi, verenga Kusunungura Madhora: General Discharge vs. Dischargeability .
I "Community Discharge"
Kunyangwe kana Ellen asingatengi, anogona kuwana imwe nzira yekudzivirirwa kubva kune "nzvimbo yekusununguka." Mushure mekunge Mako awana kubhadhara, vatengi vake havagoni kutora matanho kunharaunda yeimba yavo yavakange vaine kana mabhizimisi akaiswa kana kuti chero zvivako zvepaguru zvakawanikwa mushure mekudarika kuri kuiswa.
Somuenzaniso, apo Mark akaisa chikwereti, chikwereti chake kune First Bank pachikwereti chekwereti chakabudiswa, asi Ellen akanga asiri. Chekutanga Bhengi inoda kuunganidza kubva kuEllen. Pakutanga Bhengi inogona kuisa mhosva pamusoro pake, asi havazokwanisi kushandisa mutongo wekuunganidza kune chero ipi zvayo inharaunda yakagadziriswa mushure mokunge nyaya yebhengi yakaiswa, kusanganisira Ellen mubhadharo.
Zvakadini nezvevanhu vasiri vanhu vemunharaunda? Nharaunda yakasununguka haisi kuwanikwa mune zvisizvo zvemagariro ehurumende. Kana Mark naEllen vaigara mune rimwe rematunhu iwayo, mubatanidzwa wemubatanidzwa aizokwanisa kusvika nekukumanikidza kutengesa kwepfuma iyo murume nemudzimai vaive pamwe chete kunze kwekunge nyika ichicherechedza chimiro chehutano chinonzi "kugara kwevose."
Kugadziriswa Nekodzero
Kugadziriswa nehuwandu kune imwe nzvimbo yeimba pfuma. Kwete dzose nyika dzinozviziva. Mune izvo zvinodaro, vamwe vanozvishandisa chete kune pfuma chaiye, asi vamwe vanozviisa kune imwe pfuma pamwe chete. Vadzidzisi vanofanira kunge vakaroorana (kana mune dzimwe nguva, vakanyoresa vashandi vomumusha) uye vanofanira kunge vakawana pfuma panguva imwe chete. Iyi pfuma haigoni kubhadharwa (kana boka rekutsvaga rinosarudza hurumende, panzvimbo ye federal, kusunungurwa) uye haigoni kuonekwa neye musimboti wekusunungura kunze kwekugutsa zvikwereti zvakabatanidzwa. Ndizvozvowo kune avo vane chikwereti. Vanhu vane chikwereti havagoni kumanikidzira kutengesa kwe "zvose" pfuma kunze kwekuti mapato ose ari maviri ane chikwereti pane chikwereti chemutengi.
Muiti weCo-Debtor Rambai
Ellen achafadzwawo nekudzivirirwa kubva kune chikwereti chiito apo Marko ari kubhadhara. Apo Mark anonyora nyaya yake, akadzivirirwa kubva kune chikwereti chekuita chiito nekutsvaga kwekugara . Kunyange zvazvo Ellen asina kubhadharwa, iye anochengetedzwawo nezvatinoti uyo anokweretesa anogara, asi chete nokuda kwezvikwereti zvaanogovana naMark. Muchiitiko chedu, mutero wekubhadhara unogara uchingopera paimba yekubhadhara mari uye First Bank kadhi rechikwereti. Kune chikamu chikuru, avo vane chikwereti havazokwanisi kutora chero chinopesana naEllen kana kuti kupikisana nenzvimbo chero bedzi Marko ari kubhadhara. ( Chitsauko 7 nyaya inowanzotora mwedzi mina kusvika kumatanhatu; Chitsauko 13 nenyaya mitatu kuti ipe makore.) Pakarepo Mako paanowana kubuda kwake, mutengi anogara achasimudza, uye chikwereti chekwereti uye First Bank ichasunungurwa kuti aite zvinopesana naEllen pachake, asi kwete zvinopesana neimba (tarisa mharaunda yakabuda, yakakurukurwa pamusoro).