Kubhadhara ndeye federal yemitemo yakagadzirirwa kupa vanhu uye makambani "kutanga kutanga" kubva pachikwereti chisingatarisirwi. Inogonawo kuva nzira yemakambani ekusimudzira bhizinesi uye kugovera zvinhu nenzira yakarongeka.
Kakawanda nyaya yekutya nekunyadzisa, hurongwa hwekudarika hunokosha mukushanda kwehupfumi hwemazuva ano. Kukanganisa hakusi kungosiya mutoro wekweretesa zvakanyanya, asi kunobatsira kuchengetedza chikwereti chiri kufamba mumari. Vabereki Vokutanga vakanzwisisa kudikanwa kwekushandisa nzira yekutanga uye kugoverwa mumutemo weUnited States weCongress simba rekugadzirisa hurongwa hwekubhadhara.
Bankruptcy Courts
Iko kushandiswa kwenyika inoshandiswa neUnited States Bankruptcy Courts. Dare rekugadzirisa zvikwereti zvikamu zvemasangano e federal district court system. Somugumisiro, kune dare rekugadzirisa munharaunda imwe neimwe yehurumende yeUnited States. Zvisinei, zvichienderana nehuwandu hwemunharaunda, panogona kuva nematareji akawanda mumaguta akasiyana. Kushungurudzwa kwematare edzimhosva inotarisirwa ne bankruptcy vatongi vanogadzwa kusvika kumakore gumi nemana emitemo nehurumende dzematare edzimhosva.
Trustee
Muzhinji re bankruptcy cases, mutrasti anongogadziriswa kana nyaya yacho yaiswa.
Muteresi anotungamirira chikwereti chekubhadhara nekuongorora zvinyorwa zvemunhu ane chikwereti (izvo zvatinonzi iye munhu anokonzera kubhadhara kero). Muchikamu Chitsauko 7 , mutrasti achaedza kutengesa chero chipi zvacho chisina kubhadhara kubhadhara chikwereti. Mutrasti anewo mutoro wekuve wakangwarira mufambiro wounyengeri uye kukanganisa kwomunhu ane chikwereti kuti azivise mashoko.
Murasi wekwereti ane chikwereti chebasa kune avo vane chikwereti chemunhu ane chikwereti, uye inofanira kuunganidza zvinhu zvakawanda sezvinobvira kubhadhara chikwereti.
Chinangwa cheBhangiro
Izvo zvinoda kuitika kune dzakawanda mabhizimisi akaiswa nevanhu ndezvekubudiswa. Kubudiswa kwechirongwa ndechirongwa kubva kumatare ekudarika kubvisa zvachose chero chikwereti chekuedza kuunganidza chikwereti pamusoro pako. Kubudiswa kunozivikanwawo sekurairirwa kwebhengi. Kunyange zvazvo kubudiswa kuri kusingaperi, hazvisi zvose zvinobatanidzwa. Zvimwe zvikwereti hazviregi. Semuenzaniso, mitero yakawanda yemitero, rubatsiro rwevana, uye rubatsiro rwemudzimai haigoni kubudiswa. Sezvo kubviswa kwekusvitsa kuri mushonga wakasimba zvikuru, kunongopiwa kuvakwereta vakatendeseka vanozarura zvose zvepfuma yavo uye zvikwereti.
Mitemo yeBanruptcy
Kubva muna 2017 pane zvitsauko zvitanhatu zvebhuku. Nhamba iyi inoshamisika kune vanhu vakawanda nokuti vazhinji vanhu vanoziva chete Zvitsauko 7, 11, uye 13.
Chitsauko 7 kuregererwa kunowanikwa kune chinyorwa chinozivikanwa zvikuru. Chitsauko 7 kuregererwa kwakakodzera kune vanhu vasingakwanisi kana vasingadi kushandisa Chitsauko 13 cherongwa hwekubhadhara hurongwa. Vanhu vazhinji vanowanzofanirwa kuisa Chitsauko 7 nyaya pasi pekuverenga kunonzi nzira yekuedza.
Chitsauko 13 kubhadhara chikamu chechipiri chinowanikwa kune vamwe. Chitsauko 13 inobvumira munhu ane chikwereti kubhadhara chikamu chikwereti chemari chikamu chemakore matatu kusvika mashanu.
Chitsauko 11 kubhadhara chikamu chechitatu chinonyanya kushandiswa chikamu. Inoshandiswa nevanhu vose uye mabhizinesi.kugadzirisa zvakare zvikwereti zvakaoma zvikwereti.
Chitsauko 9 chinoshandiswa nemunharaunda uye zvimwe zvikamu zvezvematongerwo enyika zvakadai sehurumende, chipatara, ndege, kana zvikoro zvekuchikoro.
Chitsauko 12 ndechokuti varimi vemhuri nevabati vehove.
Chitsauko 15 chinoshandiswa nevatokwereti vedzimwe nyika avo vanowanzova makambani ane zvikwereti kana kuti zvigamuchire zvinotarisirwa mune dzimwe nyika.
Kushungurudza Fraud
Sezvo bankruptcy iyo federal system inoshandiswa neCongress kupinda muUnited States Bankruptcy Code, kushandiswa kwenhema kunopera pasi pesimba rehurumende yehurumende.
Kunyanya, kushingaira kwekubhadhara, kunosanganisira mhiko dzenhema, kukundikana kwekuzivisa zvikwereti kana pfuma, uye humwe hupombwe huri hupfumi hwehurumende. Kupa rusununguko rwekunamatira kunogona kutungamirira kwauri kurasikirwa nekubuda kwako uye zvinogona kukuisa iwe mujeri.
Kunyange zvazvo hurumende yehurumende ichichengetedza ziso rakarinda kunze kwekunyengedzera kwebhengi, munhu wose ane chikwereti chemari yekwereti anogona kukonzera kunyunyuta kune uyo ane chikwereti. Kunyunyuta kunogona kutsvaga kuramba munhu ane chikwereti kubudiswa kwekunyengedzera kwenhema. Mukuwedzera, kunyunyuta kunogona kutsvaga kutongwa nedare rekudarika iro chikwereti chakweretwa kune chikwereti hachina kuregererwa mubhadhara. Chikwereti chingave chisiri chekuregererwa pasi pemitemo yebhangi kana kuti chikwereti chakawanikwa nenzira dzenhema. Kunyangarika haisi nzvimbo yakachengeteka kune chikwereti chisingatauriki.