Zvinhu Zvicharamba Zvichenjerera Sezvaunotanga Rwendo Rwako kuUnited Independence
1. Pakutanga Iwe Kutanga, Zviri nyore Kuvaka Pfuma Nokuda kweSimba reKubatanidza
Iwe zvichida wakanzwa izvi izvi mamiriyoni asi zvakakosha kuti iwe uzviise mukati maro nenzira inoshandura mararamiro ako uye kugadzirisa zvaunoisa pakutanga. Iwe uchazoguma wakapfuma zvakanyanya kana iwe uchitanga kutenga mari nokukurumidza. Izvo zvose zvinokonzerwa nekwakagadzirwa kwechikwata uye zvinokonzera zvakasiyana-siyana zvinotyisa. Somuenzaniso, ane makore ane gumi nemasere anokwira zvakananga kubasa uye anoponesa $ 5,000 pagore munzvimbo yekuchengetwa kwemutero yakadai seRoth IRA , kuwana mari yakareba yemadhora ekudzoka , inoguma ichibvisa mari inokwana madhora 4,359,874. Kwemakore makumi matatu nemasere ekuwana chimwe chinhu, iye aizoda kuchengetedza kudarika $ 36,000 pagore.
Kuti uve mutendi, verenga kuti inguva yeijiji yekoroti ichangobva kupedzisira inoguma ne $ 4 426,000 nekuchengetedza $ 111 pamubhadharo munguva yehupenyu hwake hwose kana kuti inganatsiridza sei hupenyu hwehupenyu hwako nekushandisa nguva yenguva yemari yemararamiro, ayo ose anotsanangura chirevo zvakadzama.
2. Hapana Chinhu Chaizvo Zvinotaurwa Nevanhu, Hapana Sirivha Sirivha - Tarisa Purojekiti Yenyu Kuupenyu Hwenyu Hwakasiyana-siyana, Zvinangwa, Kurwisana Nengozi, Nezvinangwa
Vanhu vane chido chekuita zvepfungwa mupfungwa dzavo, dzimwe nguva kunyange kunamata chimiro chepamutemo chaiyo, nzira, kana kunyange kambani.
Vanorasikirwa nemafungiro avo uye vanokanganwa chirevo chekuti, "Kana zvichitarisa zvakanaka kwazvo kuti zvive chokwadi, zvichida." Kana iwe ukawana chipo chinonzi "Iyi ndiyo chete yekutengesa iwe uchazombofanira kutenga," kana kuti "Tenga izvi zvitatu zvenhepfenyuro yemari uye usakanganwa zvimwe zvose," kana "Mashamba emarudzi ose anogara ari nani kudarika zvigadzirwa zvemombe," shandisa zvikomo.
Iwe une basa rekuita se "maneja" wemari yako yekushambadzira. Basa iro rinobva pane zvakasiyana-siyana zvinosanganisira zvinangwa zvako pachako, zvinangwa, zvigadziro, hutano, hutano hwepfungwa, kubhadhara mutero, kuda kuzvipira nguva, uye kunyange kusarura. Pakupedzisira, chikwereti chako chinofanira kutora kuiswa kweunhu hwako uye mamiriro akasiyana muupenyu.
Semuenzaniso, mupfumi, akachengetedza zvakanaka akachengetedza mabhengi ari oga anokwanisa kuverenga mutemo wemari uye bhadha rinogona kudikanwa kutora mari inosvika mitanhatu yemari kubva kune zvikamu, chikwereti, uye zvikwereti zvinokonzerwa nekuisa pamwe nekuunganidza kuunganidza blue-chip stocks , gilt-edged bonds, uye zvipfeko zvemabhizimisi. Mushandi wechidiki angada kutenga zvakaderera, zvakasiyana-siyana, kunyanya kushandiswa kwemitero kwematokari kuburikidza nebhadharo yebhadharo yakaderera mu 401 (k). Chirikadzi chiremba wekambani yemashesi gyrations angada kuwana puroforeti yemari inokonzera dzimba dzokubhadhara nedzimwe mari yakasimirwa muzvikwangwani zvekuisa .
Hapana chimwe chezvinhu izvi zvingashata kana kuti zviri nani kudarika vamwe. Mubvunzo ndewokuti ingazi yepodfolio, nzira, uye chigadziro chekugadzirisa zvakakosha pane chero chinangwa chaunenge uchiedza kuita.
3. Iwe Uchawana Zvakawanda makumi mashanu kubva kuzana kubva muzana inodonha Mukutengeserana Kukosha kwePodfolio yako Pamusana pekugara Kwemazuva ose.
Asset mitengo inoramba ichichinja. Dzimwe nguva, uku kuchinja kunenge kusina musoro (semuenzaniso, mabhiri tulip muHolland). Dzimwe nguva, kuchinja uku kunokonzerwa nezviitiko zve macroeconomic. Semuenzaniso, kuwanda kwemahombeksi pane zvivimbiso nekuda kwemabhanki ekutsvaga kwekutsvaga kwekutsvaga kuenda kune kubhadhara vanoda kuisa zvose zvavanogona nokukurumidza zvakakwanika kuti vawedzere mari kunyange kana vachiziva kuti zvinhu zvakasvibiswa zvishoma. Real estate inofaniranawo nekufamba kwenguva nemitengo ichidonha ndokudzoka zvakare. Chero bedzi basa raunenge ravaka rakavakwa neuchenjeri, uye kubata kwechibvumirano kunotsigirwa nemasimba chaiwo ekuwana uye zvinhu zvakawanikwa pamitengo yakakodzera, iwe uchava zvakanaka pakupedzisira.
Funga nezvemashamba emisika. Pakati paApril 1973 naOctober 1974, mashizha akawira 48 muzana; pakati paAugust 1987 naDecember 1987, doro raiva 33.5 muzana; kubva muna March 2000 kusvika munaOctober 2002, yaiva 49.1 muzana; kubva munaOctober 2007 kusvika munaMarch 2009, kuderera kwekutengesa mutengo kwaiva kushaya mwoyo 56.8 muzana. Kana uri murima wekugara kwenguva refu ane tarisiro yekutarisira hupenyu, iwe uchaona marudzi aya emadonzvo kanopfuura kamwe. Iwe unogona kutarisa kuti $ 500,000 yako yemari inoderera kusvika ku $ 250,000 kunyange iyo yakazadzwa neyo yakachengeteka, yakasiyana-siyana yematokari uye zvisungo zviripo. Zvikanganiso zvakawanda zvinoitwa, uye mari yakarashika, nekuedza kudzivisa kudzivisa.
4. Uchapupu Hwakawanda, Kurwisana, uye Crystal Zvakajeka: Vakawanda Venyu Muchaona Izvo Zviri nani Iko-Nyika Inodzoka Nokubhadhara Mutariri Akakodzera Kushanda Nawe Kutarisira Nhepfenyuro Yenyu YezveMari Kunyange Kana Iyo Inowedzera Zvaunoshandisa Zvokuda Mari
Pamberi pekusimudzirwa kwehupfumi hwehutsika, zvaiwanzofungidzirwa kuti vanhu vakawanda vainyatsonzwisisa pakuita sarudzo dzezvemari. Zvidzidzo zvakabudiswa neunyanzvi, zvehupfumi, uye zvekutsvaga mari mumakore mashomanana apfuura zvakaratidza kuti zvakashata sei zvakakanganiswa izvi izvi zvakave zviri maererano nemigumisiro chaiye yepasi kune varairidzi. Zvinosuruvarisa, kunze kwekuti munhu ane ruzivo, ruzivo, kufarira, uye chido chekuregeredza misika yemakethe inokonzera kuchinja, vanowanzoita zvinhu zvisinganzwisisiki zvoupenzi. Izvi zvinosanganisira "kutsvaga basa" (kureva, kukandira mari mune izvo zvangobva kuwedzera mumutengo). Imwe muenzaniso ndeyokutengesa kune imwe nzvimbo yepamusoro yekutengeserana pamatombo-pasi pamatambudziko munguva dzehupfumi (semuenzaniso, kutengesa zvikamu zvekushanda zvakanaka, mabhizimusi anonyatsogadzikana pavanodonha 80 muzana mukukosha makore mashomanana adarika asati adzorera mumakore anotevera).
Hand-Holding Country
Rimwe pepanhau rezvino-rakakurumbira nehurumende yeWatchstar guru rinoratidza kuti munguva dzenguva apo misika yepamusoro yakadzoka mapfumbamwe muzana, 10 muzana, kana 11 muzana; mari yezvikwereti vaiwana mari mbiri, zvikamu zvitatu kubva muzana, nevana muzana. Ndokusaka vatengesi vakanga vasingazivi zvavari kuita. Vakanga vachigara vachitenga uye vachitengesa uye vachifamba kubva muchikwama ichi kuenda kune chikwereti ichi, kwete kutora mikana yemagetsi ekutengesa mitero apo ivo vakaita mimwe yezvimwe zvitadzo. Izvi zvakatungamirira kune chinenge chichigadzirisa chiitiko. Vashandi vanobhadhara mutengesi zvinokwana mari kuitira kuti mumwe munhu ave achiita basa chairo kwavari (kusanganisira kubata maoko avo uye kuva chiso che "unyanzvi"), vanoziva zvakanyanya zviri nani zviitiko zvenyika, pasinei nekubhadhara zvakawanda.
Mune mamwe mazwi, classic economics yaive isina kunaka, kusanganisira vamwe vevapristi vakuru vekuita mari shoma, seyedzidzo John Bogle uyo akateya Vanguard. Zvinotarisa kuti kudzokera kwemuwemusi haisi mhinduro yehutadzo hwakakosha kunze kwezvinotengeswa nevanopa mazano vezvemari uye kubhadharwa kwekubhadhara mazano avo vanobudisa kukosha. Pane kudaro, varayiridzi vakagamuchira mari yavo, kazhinji mumasasa, nokuti munhu anowanzoita mari anokwanisa kupedzisa nekudzoka kwepamusoro nekuti mutungamiri akabata ruoko rwake ndokuchinja maitiro ake. Munhu asinganzwisisiki aireva kuti zvakananga zvakakwana zvaive, chaizvoizvo, zvinokuvadza.
Chikonzero nei Vanguard Inoita Sense
Kuzvikwereti zvavo, bhizinesi reBogle, Vanguard, rave richangobvuma izvozvi, kunyangwe nenzira yakanyarara nenzira iyo yaenda isingaoneki. Inonyanya kuzivikanwa, iyo inodhura mari yekutengeserana kwekambani yekambani inenge chikamu chetatu chemari iri pasi pekutarisa kwayo mune mari yakachengetedzwa yakachengetedzwa pamwe chete nematatu maviri ezvitatu mu passive index funds. Iyo yekupedzisira inokurumbira yekubhadhara pakati pe 0.05 kubva muzana uye 1 muzana mari yegore rose. Vamwe vavo vane matambudziko avo (izvo hazvisi mhosva yaVanguard) seyo nzira yekunyarara yakashandura iyo inogona kuita kuti zviitiko zvekare zvisingakwanisi kudzokorora uye zvingave zvinorwadza zvakaputirwa mari inowanikwa asi iyo yose, iyo ndeyakati yakanakisisa mumhizha. Mukufungidzira, zvinofanira kunge zviri nyore kune munhu anoda kuzvidzora nekutengeserana kwekugadzirisa nguva dzose kuti azvitenge uye agare nguva yebasa rose kusvikira basa rekusvika rinouya.
Achiona kuti vanhu vasingakwanisi kutenga mari vaive "pakuchengetedza," Vanguard yakatanga basa rayo rekupa mazano rinogona kutarisira chikwereti chevashandi cheVanguard muchitsinhanho chekuwedzera kune 0,30 muzana pagore pamusoro pemari yekushandisa mari. Izvozvo zvinoreva, zvichienderana nehuwandu hwemari yakasarudzwa, mari inoshandiswa pamatunhu ose inogona kuenzana chero kupi zvako pakati pe 0.35 muzana uye 1.26 muzana. (Kunyange zvazvo mabhuku evanhu vanovimba nehurumende yakasiyana zvakasiyana, pamwe chete nemari inobhadhara mari inosvika $ 500 000 kune imwe nzvimbo inenge inenge 1.57 muzana pagore.) Maererano neVanguard pachake mabhuku, iyo fungiri inofungidzira izvi zvinogona kutungamirira kusvika 3 muzana pagore kuwedzera mune chaiyo chaiyo-nyika inokonzera kuwandisa inonakidzwa nemurimi wehurumende, nehafu yenguva iyo inokonzerwa nemubatsiro wekuti mumwe munhu ashande semudzidzisi wemanzwiro munguva dzezvematongerwo enyika, zvematongerwe enyika, uye zvemari. Anopfuura 10, 25, kana 50+ makore, iyo inowedzera yakawanda yehupfumi hwakawedzerwa, pasinei nemari yepamusoro inoreti iyo "yakatora" mazana ezviuru zvemadhora murasi yakakanganisika (kureva, upfumi hwenheyo husingazombove hwakagadzirwa nekuda kukanganisa).
5. Mutero uye Asset Kudzivirira Mazano Anogona Kuita Kusiyana Kwakakura MuNheyo Yako, Net Worth, uye Kodzero Yokubhadhara Bhiri
Zvinonyatsokwanisika kune anonyatsoita mutengesi, pamwe chete nekuchengetedza kwakadaro nekushandisa maitiro, pamwe chete nehuwandu hwemashamba ematokari , zvisungo , mutual funds , zvivako zvekumba , nezvimwe zvivimbiso, kuguma nemhando dzakasiyana dzakasiyana dzehupfumi hwakawedzerwa zvichienderana pamusoro pekuti akaronga sei kubata . Kubva pamagadziro akajeka akadai seasset akaiswa uye kushandisa zvido zveMasikirwo kana Roth IRA kune dzimwe pfungwa dzakagadzirwa zvakadai sekushandisa mhuri yakabatana kudyidzana liquidity discount discount kuverenga kuderedza mitero yezvipo, zvakakodzera nguva, kushanda, uye dambudziko kuti uone kuti unonzwisisa mitemo, mitemo, nemitemo uye uzvishandise kuti zvive zvakakunakira.
Semuenzaniso, kana uri kunetseka zvakanyanya mune zvemari, zvingava chikanganiso chakaipa kukubhadhara zvikwereti nemari kubva purogiramu yako yekurega. Zvichienderana nemhando yebhuku raunayo, iwe unogona kuva nekodzero yekudzivirira kusingagumi kuchengetedzwa kwezvinhu zviri mukati mazvidziviriro zvaro. Kutarisana neanopomerwa gweta kunofanira kunge iri yekutanga yekutanga. Mumwe gweta anogona kukupa zano rokuzivisa kubhadhara uye kutanga. Iwe unogona kuguma uchifamba kubva mudare rehurukuro pamwe chete, kana kuti zvose, zverongwa hwekubvisa mari yako zvakasimba, kuwedzera kukufadza iwe sezvainosimudza zvikamu, chikwereti, uye zvikwereti.
6. Ikoko Ndeipi Nzira Dhatu Dzokuwana Nayo Nhaka dzePodfolio yako
Pane nzira nhatu chete iyo mutengesi anogona kutora kuti awane zvinhu. Izvi zvinosanganisira:
- Kugadziriswa Kwakagadziriswa: Nguva dzose kutenga kana kutengesa kukohwa kwezvinhu pachishandiswa nguva pasinei nekukoshesa netariro kuti nguva ichaenzanisa nguva dzakanaka uye nguva dzakaipa. Uyu ndiye "Mudzidzisi Anodzivirira" mubasa raBenjamin Graham uye yakaita kuti vanhu vazhinji vapfumi. Iyi nzira ndeyevanhu vasingadi kufunga pamusoro pehupfumi yavo. Panzvimbo pezvo, vanorega kusiyanisa, kudhura, kutora nguva refu, uye nguva inoita basa rose.
- Kuyera: Kuzvitengesa kana kutengesa zvichienderana nemutengo maererano nekuchengetedzwa kwekuchengetedzwa kwekukosha kwekambani. Izvi zvinoda ruzivo rwakakosha rwezvinhu zvose kubva kubhizinesi uye kubhadhara kune mari uye mari. Iyo inoda kuti iwe uongorore zvinhu sezvinonzi iwe uri mutengi wega. Vanhu vazhinji vakawedzerawo vapfumi nenzira iyi. Uyu ndiye "Mumiririri Anoshingaira" mubasa raBenjamin Graham; munhu anoda kutarisa njodzi, anofarira nzvimbo yakachengeteka uye anoziva kuti kune chinhu (kureva, mari yaicho chaiyo uye zvinhu zvakakwana maererano nemutengo wakabhadharwa) kune imwe neimwe nzvimbo mune imwe nzvimbo yehupfumi. Izvi ndezvomudzimai anoda kurara usiku usingatariswi kana nyika ichatarisana nedzimwe marangaridzo emusika 1929-1933 kana 1973-1974. Kutaura zvazviri, iyo yose yezvemari inoshandisa nzira iyi nokuti mutengo unogona kungopedzisira uchibva kune chimwe chinhu chiri pasi kwenguva refu. Vanenge vese vese vanoita zvekutevedza zvikuru vane varaidzo dzakanaka kwenguva refu vanowira mumusasa uyu, kusanganisira avo vakave vatauri vekutanga. Izvi zvinosanganisira Vanguard muchengeti John Bogle, uyo akanyarara akaisa mari yakawanda yehuwandu hwake hwekutengesa panguva ye dot-com boom nokuti mhindu yezvibereko zvinowanikwa pasi pemahomwe yakanga yava kushungurudzika kune chibereko chiripo pane zvikwereti zveHurumende panguva iyoyo.
- Nguva Yenguva Yokutengesera: Kutenga kana kutengesa zvichienderana nezvaunofunga kuti misika yemari kana hupfumi huchaita mune ramangwana risati ravapo. Nguva yekutengesa inzira yekufungidzira uye apo vanhu vashomanana vakave vapfumi pairi, haisi yakagadzikana.
Kana iwe uri mutungamiri, tambira kune imwe nzira yekutanga. Kana iwe ukava nyanzvi, tambira kune yechipiri nzira. Kunyange zvazvo inotengesa zvakanaka, ani naani ane njere dzinofanirwa kunge achifanira kudzivisa nzira yechitatu.