Ndezvipi zvinokanganisa bhajeti uye zvakanyanya?
Kukanganisa kwebhajititi - inozivikanwawo sekushaya mari - inoitika apo hurumende inoshandisa mari yakakwirira kudarika mitero yayo yemitero.
Kusiyana naizvozvo, mari inowedzera - inonziwo mari yepamusoro-inowanzoitika apo hurumende yemari inotora mari inopfuura kudha kwayo. Hurumende yehurumende ine mari uye mari inoshandiswa iyo inodzvinyirira kunze inonzi iine mari yakaenzana.
Mimwe mitauro miviri inowanzoshandiswa pakutaura nezvehupfumi hwehurumende ndeyemari mikuru uye zviyero zvemaitiro. Mikana yepamusoro inobvisa chikwereti chekuda kubva kumashandisirwo emakwikwi ekuenzanisa, asi zviyero zvemugadziri zvinogadziriswa nemigumisiro yezvakanaka zvemugadziri wemiti (PGDP) kuchinja kwehupfumi hwenyika sezvo huwandu huri kukura hunoita kuti chikwereti chiwedzere kushandiswa.
Vashandi veClénesian economists vanodavira kuti hurumende yehuwandu hwemari inogamuchirwa inogamuchirwa munguva yekuderera kwezvemari, chero bedzi sarudzo yehurumende yezvematongerwo enyika inotarisa pane zvakasara. Kuisa izvi nenzira yakajeka, vazhinji vezvematongerwo enyika vanoshandisa izvo zvinonzi fiscal gap chiyero chinofananidza musiyano pakati pekushandisa nemari inosvika sezana rezana rekushandisa mumunda.
Achishandisa Structural Primary Balance
Zvichida nzira yakatendeseka yekuenzanisa hupfumi hwehurumende inoshandisa zviyero zvepurasitiki, izvo zvinobvisa chikamu chechikundi kana kukwira kunokonzerwa nekushanda kwebhizimisi uye kungofunga nezvekushandisa purogiramu pamashandisirwo emari. Izvi zvinoita kuti chiyero chive nani zviri nani kwenguva refu yekugadzirisa kwemajeri ezvebhajheji uye kudarika mari, kusanganisira zvinhu zvakakosha zvikuru.
Kubviswa kwebhizinesi rezvebhizimisi rinoita kuti hutano hwezvehupfumi uye hurumende hubatwe zvakakodzera, asi hurongwa hweprogram hunowanzova chikonzero chekusagadzikana kwemabhadharo, kunze kwechikwereti chakawedzerwa izvo zvinowanzokonzerwa nezvisarudzo zvekare. Zvimwe kuchinja zviduku kunosanganisira kuiswa kwezvikamu zvose zvehurumende nekugadziriswa kwebasa rekuita bhajeti.
Pakupedzisira, vatengesi nevarimi vanofanira kuyeuka kuti chikwereti chehurumende chinofanira kuramba chakagadzikana semapato eGDP kuitira kuti igare yakasimba. Kana zvisina kudaro, kubhadhara chikwereti pachaga kwaizopedzisira kuchiita zvose zvinowanikwa mutero. Kusimudzira kwakadaro hazvirevi hurumende dzinofanira kurega kukwereta zvachose, sezvo inogona kuisa dambudziko pamari.
Migumisiro kune veInternet Investors
Hurumende yehurumende inonyanya kukosha kune vatengesi nevashambadziri kutarisa, kubva kune vatengi vane chikwereti kune vatengesi vemari. Kuongorora mazinga aya kunogona kuitwa nyore nyore uchishandisa database yeWorld inoshandiswa nyore nyore kana kushandisa mamwe mawebsite akasiyana-siyana achibudisa data kubva kuWorld Bank kana International Monetary Fund (IMF).
Zvimwe zvinowanzoitika zvehurumende yehupfumi zvinosanganisira:
- Changamire Chikwereti - Kukanganisa kwebhajitori kunogona kutungamirira kune chikwereti chakaderera chechikwereti , kana zviyero zvemugariro zvichiri munharaunda isina kunaka kwenguva yakareba, asi kudarika kwebhajhesi kunogona kutungamirira kuderera kwechikwereti kune chikwereti chakakonzerwa nekuda kwekuvandudzwa kwemari yechikwereti.
- Mutero Wemitemo Shanduko - Kukanganisa kwemaitiro kunoshandura kuchinja kune mamwe mari kana mari yekushandisa, uye yekare ndiyo yakava nyore kuita. Kuwedzera kwemitero inotarisirwa kuvandudza kukanganisa uku kunogona kushatisa zvikwereti / zvikwereti.
- Mari Kuyera - Misika yezvemari inogona kukurumidza kurasikirwa nekutenda munyika dzisingakwanisi kugadzirisa kukanganisa kwemaitiro, zvichiita kuti zvigadziriswe mari , kana kuwedzerwa kuvimba munyika kunogona kutungamirira kuhuwandu hwenyika.
Kuongororwa kwemigumisiro iyi kunogona kuve nyore nyore kuwanikwa mumishumo yakabudiswa nemasangano ehurumende, sa Standard & Poor's , Moody's Investors Service, uye Fitch Group . Iyi miviri inowanzotora chikwereti chekutonga chikwereti kune nyika dzakasiyana-siyana pasi pose, iyo inowedzera kuongororwa kwemajeri ezvebhajeti kana kudarika kwebhajamiro uye zvinogona kuitika pamisika yemari.