Zvikwereti zvevadzidzi zvinouya mumhando mbiri dzakasiyana. Vanhu vakawanda vanoziva nehurumende kana hurumende yakabudiswa uye yakabhadhara zvikwereti, asi kunewo misika inokura muzvikwereti zvemari zvakagadzirwa nemabhangi nemamwe masangano ekubhadhara mari.
Zvikwereti zvepabonde hazvisi pasi pemirairo yakafanana kana kuregererwa kwezvikwereti uye zvirongwa zvekushandisa zvinowanikwa kune zvikwereti zvinotsigirwa nehurumende. Kune rumwe rutivi, zvikwereti zvemari zvese zvinowanzotungamirirwa nehurumende nemitemo yehurumende iyo inoshanda kune dzimwe dzimba dzisiri dzedzidzo uye dziri nenzira dzakawanda dzakasiyana nedzimwe chikwereti chemotokari, mari dzekunamatira uye mamwe marudzi ekukweretesa kwemunhu.
Zvikwereti zvepachipiri uye zvikwereti zvinotsigirwa nehurumende zvine chimwe chinhu chinokosha pamwe chete. Muna 2006, zvikwereti zvega zvega zvakaitwa zvisina kukwaniswa mukubhadhara pamwe nekudarika kweBhangeruptcy Abuse Prevention uye Consumer Protection Act (BAPCPA). Mune mamwe mazwi, iwe haugoni kuzvibvisa zvachose mumatare ekushungurudza sekunge iwe unogona dzimwe chikwereti, sekukwereta makadhi uye mabhidharo ezvehutano.
Izvozvo hazvirevi kuti hazvibviri kuvabvisa mubhadhadzi. Zvikwereti zvepachivande zvinowanikwa pasi pechiyero chakafanana chekuregererwa kwekuti zvikwereti zvehurumende kana zvehurumende zvinotsigirwa.
Kunyanya kunyanya, vanogona kungobudiswa chete kana vachizoita "kutambudzika zvisina kukodzera" kumunhu ane chikwereti kana ane chikwereti.
Asi, kune imwe nzira iyo iyo zvikwereti zvingasunungurwa zvingabudiswa. Nzira iyo inoratidzira kududzirwa kwemashoko emitemo yakawanda yehurumende inotsanangura kuti zvikwereti zvipi zvayo zvinogona kuonekwa sezvikwereti zvekudzidzisa nekuda kwekushungurudza.
Sezvatichaona, pamwoyo ndeyekuti iwe unokwanisa here kutora chikwereti pane zvikwereti kubva pamutero wako.
"Mvumo Yedzidzo Imari" inovhara "Nheyo Dzidzo Yepamusoro Yepamusoro" ye "Mari Yekupinda."
Mukati kunze kwe "dzidzo yepamusoro yezvikwereti" kubva pakusununguka, BAPCPA inotarisana neInternal Revenue Code pa 26 USC 221 (d) (a), inosanganisira kubviswa kwechido pamusoro pezvikwereti zvemari. Chikamu 221 (d) (a) chinotaura kuti kufarira nezvezvikwereti zvezvidzidzo zvinogona kuderedzwa kubva pamari kana chikwereti chakanga chiri "chekubhadhara chete kubhadhara mari yepamusoro yezvidzidzo zvepamusoro."
Izvo "dzidzo yepamusoro yepamusoro mari" inotsanangurwa mu Higher Education Act ye 1965, iyo inonongedzwa pa 20 USC 108711 se "mari yevaya varipo". Nekudaro, mari yevanopinda inogadziridzwa nekoroji uye kazhinji inosanganisira dzidzo uye mari, nzvimbo uye bhodhi, kutakurwa nekufambisa mari.
Mixed-Use Loan
Sezvo chero yekoroji ichapupura, zvisinei, mari yevakapinda haingati inosanganisira zvose izvo mudzidzi achapedza mugore rakapiwa. Uyezve, mari yehurumende inotsigirwa nehurumende inogona kunge isiri kudarika mari yekuuya, nekuda kwezvinhu zvakadai sekuongorora kwehurumende yemari yemhuri yomudzidzi inofanira kupa, chido chemudzidzi wehupenyu hwepamusoro, hwemhuri yemhuri , kana kusada kwemudzidzi kutsvaga mabhizimusi kana mikana yekushanda.Koita kukanganisa, vadzidzi vanowanzotora chikwereti chavo kuti vatsigire zvikwereti zvavo zvehurumende uye zvipo.
Vamwe vanokweretesa vari voga vanogadzirisa chikamu chekuwedzera kukwereta kune musiyano pakati pemarikiti yehurumende uye mari yevanopinda. Vamwe vanokweretesa, zvisinei, vanobvumirana kubhadhara mudzidzi makumi ezviuru zvemadhora kupfuura mari yekuuya. Ndakanga ndiine imwe yekoliti yaipedza kudzidza uye yakabhadhara zvikwereti zvehurumende, uye yakapiwa madhora 120 000 pamakore mana muzvikwereti.
Nyaya dzakawanda dzevimbiso dzichava nemutsara unoda kuti akakwereta avabvume kuti mari yacho inongoshandiswa chete yepamhadzidzo yekubhadhara mari pasinei nemari yemari yacho.
Mari inosanganisira zviyero pamusoro pezvinodikanwa kuvhara mari yekupinda kune dzimwe nguva inonzi "kushandiswa kushandiswa" zvikwereti.
Congressional Chinangwa Chezvikwereti Zvevadzidzi Vavamwe?
Apo patinofunga nezvezvinodiwa neBAPCPA, Internal Revenue Code uye dudziro yepamusoro-soro reMutemo, hazvisi pachena kuti Congress yakatarisira izvi "kushandiswa kushandiswa" zvikwereti pazvakasarudza kuita zvikwereti zvese zvisingakwanisi.
Uyezve, chero rudzi rwekukweretesa runogona kuonekwa sechikwereti chevadzidzi maererano nemitemo iyi, kusanganisira chikwereti chekwereti chikwereti, chikwereti chekukweretesa mumba, uye zvikwereti zvevanhu. The Code of Federal Regulations pa 26 CFR 1.221-1, zvisinei, inonyatsotsanangura kuti kushandiswa kwemari yakasanganiswa haikwanisi kubhadhara chikwereti pasi peInternal Revenue Code. Nemhaka yeizvi, kushandiswa kwemakwereti anoshandiswa kunofanira kubudiswa. Pamusana pacho, mari inodhura mari yakawanda yevaya varipo inogona kubhadhara.
Kuti udzidze zvakawanda pamusoro pezviitiko izvi kune BAPCPA yega yevadzidzi vekubhadhara chikwereti chekubhadhara mari, verenga pepa FinAid.org;
Kana Uri Kutarisana Nezvinetso Kutarisira Mari Yako Yevadzidzi
Kana uri nechinetso chekutarisira chikwereti chemudzidzi wako, unosarudza. Kana uri mubasa rehurumende kana basa risina purofiti, unogona kukodzera purogiramu yekukanganwira chikwereti. Iwe unogonawo kukwanisa kushandiswa pamashandisirwo ekubhadharwa kwezvirongwa zvekubhadhara. Kuti uwane mamwe ruzivo, tanga pano: Kutarisira Mvumo dzevadzidzi: An Introduction .
Kuti uwane mamwe ruzivo pamusoro pekutarisira chikwereti chako chevadzidzi munguva dzakaoma zvemari, ona nyaya dzedu pamusoro pezvinhu zvinotevera:
General Issues
Zvaunosarudza Pakutarisira Misha yevadzidzi muchidimbu
Gwaro reGwaro Rinobatsira Rudzi Rwokubhadhara Mitemo
Kana Iwe Usingakwanisi Kupa Mari Yako
Dzokorora Mazano Mazuva Ekupedzisira kweTough Times
Kuponesa Chikwereti Chevadzidzi Zvakashata
Kutarisana neVadzidzi Vanokwereta Mari
Mhanje Kukanganwira
Mutero Kukanganwira Chikoro Mamiriro
Mutero Kukanganwira Kwekuremara kana Rufu
Public Service Loan Forgiveness
Yakarongwa naCarron Nicks muna April 2018