Iko Central Bank & Governance Zvine Zvakaipa
Dambudziko remari rakangoerekana risingafadzi mune imwe mari inopedzisira ichikonzera kufungidzira mune imwe shandu (forex) misika .
Aya matambudziko anogona kukonzerwa nehuwandu hwezvinhu-kusanganisira mari yezvikwata kana mari yekuita sarudzo - uye inogona kugadziriswa kuburikidza nekushandura kushanduka kwekushandurwa kwemitengo kana kudzivisa mitemo yemari inorwisana nemusika pane kuigamuchira.
Mari Dambudziko Dambudziko
Dambudziko remari rinokonzerwa nehuwandu hwezvimwe zvikonzero zvinobva kubva pakati pebhangi mazano kusvika pakufungidzira-uye zvinowanzooma kufanotaura mberi.
Chinonyanya kukonzera kukanganisa kwemari munguva yakapfuura chakanga chiri kusakosha kwebhangi rekuchengetedza huwandu hunotarisirwa pasi kune imwe yakaderera yemari yekunze mari. Semuenzaniso, George Soros anonyanya kutengesa kuti hurumende yeBritain haikwanise kudzivirira muBritish Pound mumvuri weGermany Deutsche Mark apo Britain yakanga ine katatu kuwedzera kwenyika yeGermany. Pakupedzisira, Soros yakanga yakarurama uye pound yakawa zvakanyanya, ichimudhura mabhiriyoni emadhora muhupfumi.
Kunyange kana pasina pegende, dambudziko remari rinogona kubuda kubva kubhizimusi rekuda kusimudzira kukosha kwaro mari kuitira kuchengetedza mari yehupfumi mukati memiganhu yayo.
Semuenzaniso, mararamiro anotanga kubuda akawana ruzivo rwemagetsi ekutanga kwegore ra2014 rwakatungamirira mari yavo kuti iwedzere kudarika bhodhi. Makambani emakambani akatarisa nekuwedzera kwezvibereko zvekukwevera vatengesi, asi idzi dzakaderera dzekutora huwandu zvakaita kuti kuwedzera kwehupfumi kuwedzere uye kukosha kwechokwadi.
Mune dzimwe nguva, nyika dzingada kuchengetedza mari yavo yakawanda pasi kuti iwedzere kudiwa kwekutengeswa kwayo.
Muenzaniso wakakurumbira weiyi wakanga uri China, uyo wakachengetedza chikwata neAmerican dollar kwemakumi emakore. Nepo hurumende isina kumbobvira iine dambudziko kudzivirira chikwata - nekuda kwezvakawanda zvekuchengetedza kwekune dzimwe nyika, yakakonzera kusaenzana kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzepamusika.
Money Crisis Solutions
Kune mhinduro dzakawanda dzinogona kugadzirisa dambudziko remari, kusanganisira matanho akawanda ekudzivirira anogona kutorwa kudzivirira dambudziko risingamboiti.
Nzira yakanakisisa yekugadzirisa zvinetso zvemari ndeyokuzvidzivirira panzvimbo yekutanga nemitoo yekudzivirira. Kufambidzana kwenyika inoshandiswa kunotadzisa mari inokonzerwa nokuvimbisa kuti misika inogara ichigadzirisa mutengo, kusiyana nechinangwa chekuchinjana mari iyo mabhizimusi makuru anofanira kurwisana nemusika. Somuenzaniso, kurwisana kweBritain neGeorge Soros kwaida kuti bhandi rekushandisa ripedze mabhiriyoni kuti ridzivirire mari yaro pamusoro pevanokanganisa, izvo zvakaratidza kusingagoni kuchengetedza.
Central mabhangi inofanirawo kudzivisa mitemo yemari inosanganisira kutengeserana nemusika kunze kwekuti inonyatsokosha kudzivirira dambudziko guru. Semuenzaniso, kubuda kwemakambani emari inogona kunge yakagamuchira kusagadzikana kwemari inoshandiswa nemari uye kuchinja mazano emari ekutsvaga kutengesa kune dzimwe nyika panzvimbo yekuedza kukwidziridza mhindu yemari yakazoguma inodhura mabhizimusi makuru emamiriyoni kuti agadzire.
Izvo zvingadai zvakatobatsira kutema kunze kwenyika nekuvandudza hupfumi hwavo hwemhuri.
Mienzaniso yeMari Dambudziko
Dambudziko remari rave richiitika nekuwedzera kwemaitiro kubva muLatin America chikwereti dambudziko rema1980 uye mavambo emakore ose.
Dambudziko reLatin America renhamo muna 1994 nderimwe rematambudziko anozivikanwa zvikuru emari. Mushure mokunge hupfumi hweMexico hukatanga kunonoka uye kuchengetedzwa kwenyika kune dzimwe nyika, vatengesi vakatanga kutya kuti nyika yaizotadza kubva pane chikwereti chayo. Izvi zvinosvika pakuva humwe uprofita huri kuzadzika apo nyika yakamanikidzwa kuisa mari yayo muna 1994 uye kuwedzera huwandu hwekuda kusvika kune 80% iyo yakaguma ichitora mari yezvigadzirwa zvemari (GDP).
Imwe dambudziko rezvemari yeAsia muna 1997 nderimwe muenzaniso unozivikanwa zvikuru wematambudziko emari. Mushure mokuona kukura nokukurumidza mumakore ekuma1990, "tiger" hupfumi hwakatenderera zvikuru kune chikwereti chekunze kune mari yekubhadhara kukura kwavo, naizvozvo apo mabheji akadzimwa vakaedza kurwisana nemari yekubhadhara chikwereti.
Fixed exchange rates yakava yakaoma zvikuru kuchengetedza sezvo mutengesi akakura achinyanya kunetseka nezvengozi dzisina kuitika uye kushamba kwemari kwakawira zvakanyanyisa.
Zvidzidzo kune Vashandi
Vashandi vanofanira kugara vachiziva nezvekushandiswa kwemari kana vachiita zvisarudzo zvekutsvaga. Kazhinji, zvinokwanisika kufanotaura matambudziko makuru vasati vauya kune imwe nzvimbo, kunyange zvazvo nguva yemisika inogona kunge yakaoma zvikuru. Izvi zvinoreva kuti kusaenzana kwemari kunogona kuva nguva yakanaka yekugadzira chikwereti chepamusoro pamusoro pengozi pane nguva yekuita bheti guru pamusoro penyika kana nyika.