Kunzwisisa Kuti Vashandi Vanokwanisa Kukura Sei Vafumi Kubva kuChimbedzero Yemakambani
Chii Chiri Mutero-Wisina Kupera?
Nguva nenguva, vatungamiri vehurumende, zvichida pakukurudzirwa kwebato revatungamiri , kushamwaridzana nevezera kubva kumakwikwidzi, kana kushamwaridzana (vane ushamwari kana kuti zvimwe) kubva kunze kwevatengesi vashandi vakadai sehedge funds , vanosarudza kubatanidzwa mukugadziriswa kunodikanwa kudurura zvimwe zvinhu kana kubuda mashizha ose.
Kamwe kambani yakasarudza kuparadzana nebhizimisi kana mabhizinesi iyo pachake, kune nzira dzese dzingakonzerwa kunze kwemukova:
- Kuzvitengesa zvakananga kune mumwe mukwikwidzi, boka rekutenga, kana kuburikidza nekutanga kwekupa zvipo, kushandisa mari kubhadhara chikwereti, kutenga chikwereti, kubhadhara nguva imwe chete chikamu chekuwana, kuwana zvigadzirwa, kana zvimwe zvinangwa zvekambani.
- Zivisai kusarasirwa kwemitero kusingabhadhari kune vashandi vanovepo.
- Zivisai kusarasirwa kwemitero-kusununguka kune vagovhendi varipo vangave vatengesa zvikamu zvavo zvekambani yemubereki yezvikamu zvekambani ichangobva kuzvimirira. Izvi zvinoshandiswa apo vatungamiri vanoda kuunza purogiramu inokosha yekudzorera zvose panguva imwechete nehuwandu hwehutano.
Nzira yekutanga-kutengesa iyo michina - yakaitwa asi vatengesi havawanzoifariri nokuti inogona kuguma nekukosha kwekuwana mari uye kurasikirwa kwemitero yakatsetsereta yemitero, iyo inobatsira yekudzosera kubhadhara .
Imwe nyaya yakakurumbira kubva munhoroondo yechangobva kuitika ikambani yekare yeKraft, iyo yakangwara yakatengesa mamwe mabhizimisi epa pizza anoyevedzwa mune imwe nhepfenyuro inoshandisa mutengesi wezvakaitika Warren Buffett, uyo ndiye mukuru wezvinyorwa, akatongerwa pachena se "kunyanya kutaura"; mashoko ane simba zvikuru kune vakuru vakuru vematongerwo emusika.
(Kana iwe uchida kudzidza zvakawanda pamusoro pehurukuro iyi, ndakambonyora nyaya inokurukura nezvezvakanaka uye zvinonzi Spin-Offs vs. Sale of Subsidiaries zvinogona kukubatsira kunzwisisa mutsauko.)
Nzira yechitatu - kupatsanurwa-kwakave kwakakurumbira zvikuru mumakore gumi apfuura kana gumi nemashanu, kazhinji kunosuruvarisa kwevatengesi vanosarudza kutsvaga, panzvimbo. Inoita kuti vashandi vanoita sarudzo. Kuti vawane migove yebhizimisi idzva, vanofanira kusiya zvikamu zvekambani yemubereki. McDonald's Corporation yakaita izvi neChipotle. Sara Lee akaita izvi noMudzidzisi. General Electric akaita izvi ne Synchrony.
Ko Mutero Usina Kushanda Kunobatsira Sei?
Kakawanda, kambani yemubereki inotsigira kutanga kwevanhu, kana IPO , yevashandi, vachibvumira pakati pe10% ne20% yekambani yekambani kutengeswa kune vashandi vatsva pamusika. Izvi zvinogadzira nhoroondo yekutengeserana uye mari yakawanda yekutengesa. Iyo kambani inogoverwa chiratidzo chayo, iyo inofanirwa kuisa iyo yeFomu 10-K uye proxy chirevo ; zvinotora pahupenyu hwaro. Pashure penguva pfupi, kazhinji gore kana maviri, kambani yemubereki inoparidzira zvose zvasara zvayo inobata mubhizimisi iri idzva rekuzvimiririra - imwe 80% kana 90% - kune vashandi vayo separadhese chaiyo yakasiyana nedzimwe shanduko yehuwandu.
Semuenzaniso, kana iwe uine zvikamu zve1000 zveKambani ABC, bato revatungamiri rinogona kuzivisa kuti vachapedza kugovana. Vari kukutumira chikamu 1 chebhizimisi idzva ravari kuparadzanisa, Company XYZ, yezvikamu zvese zveAIDS zvauri. Muchiitiko ichi, iwe unogamuchira mazana 250 emidziyo ye XYZ semusana-musina kubhadhara mitero. Iwe unomuka rimwe zuva uye unovawana vakagara pabhadha rekwereti yako, kambani yekuchengetedzwa kwenyika , kana kubhadhara mari, seRoth IRA .
Ndezvipi Zvikonzero Chikoro Chingawana Mutero-Usina Kubviswa?
Izvo zvikonzero zvekuparadzanisa nevana vedzinesi zvinogona kunge zvakasiyana. Zvichida basa racho harisi pamutemo kune chinangwa chikuru chebhizimisi, kushanda sechisimbiso. Dzimwe nguva, pangangodaro kune njodzi dzinowanikwa mune zvinyorwa zvisingabvumirwi nehuwandu hwehutano hwekambani yemubereki.
Mune zvimwe zviitiko, kutungamirirwa kunongokurudzirwa nechishuwo chekutendera vashandi kuti vafare mukukwanisa kukura nokukurumidza nekuda kwechimwe chivimbiso chebasa chitsva kana zviduku zvishoma zvekutanga misika yemari . Chimwe chikonzero chakakurumbira chekutsvaga kushamwaridzana ndechekusunungura kambani yemubereki kana yekare yevasiyano kubva kutungamiri rinotungamirira rinosunga chimwe chezvikamu zviviri, kuchichengeta kubva pakushandisa mikana yakanakisisa.
Mitero Yemafero-Izvo Zvisingawaniki Inogona Kubudirira Mukunyanya Kuwedzerwa Kwekugoverwa Kubatsiri
Ndanyora nezvenyaya iyi nhindi gumi nemaviri mumakore mashomanana adarika, kunyanya pabhogi yangu yemunhu, asi zvakakosha zvakakosha kudzokorora rimwezve nguva: Haugoni kukwezva chati yekutengesa uye uchitarisa kudzoka kwenyika chaiyo murimi angave akawana mune dzakawanda mamiriro ezvinhu. Mitero isina mvumo inotora mitambo haina basa shoma mune izvozvo.
Chimbofunga nyaya yeSears. Uyu mutengesi anoyevedza ave achifamba-famba kwemvura kwemakore, asingakwanisi kurarama sezvo inoshandisa dzimba dzaro dzeimba uye inoshandura izvo zvaimbova umambo hwakasimba seWal-Mart kana yeGreat American & Pacific Tea Company muhomwe yega iyo yakawanda vanotenda zvingave zvakanaka chaizvo kuenda kumatare e bankruptcy. Kubvira pakutanga kwema1990, zvinoratidzika semurimaiti aive nemugove angave akanyanya kuchinja S & P 500 .
Hazvina maturo.
Sears yakabhadhara mari yakawanda yemakambani muzana remakore rekutanga remakore kana kuti kuti kutenga uye kubata mutengesi zvingadai zvakarova S & P 500 pasinei nezvinoonekwa, pamapepa kana pane imwe nhamba yemadhora, kuti zvive zvisina kunaka. Iye angadai akagara pane zvakasiyana-siyana zvakasiyana-siyana zvekufambisa mabasa akawanda emakambani nemakakatanwa .
Muna 1931, Sears yakatanga mu-inshuwarisi yomu inshuwarisi. Mushure mokutsigira IPO, makumi masere makumi masere ezana emamwe mabhizimusi akawanikwa akapiwa mvumo kune vashandi paJune 30th, 1995 pamutengo wekuwana 0.93 chikamu cheAllstate yega yega yeSears yaive nayo.
Makore mashomanana zvisati zvaitika, Sears yakabvisa chikamu cha 80% cheDean Witter, Discover & Company kuburikidza neparadendi yakatevera inotevera IPO yapfuura. Maererano neNew York Times , musi waJuly 1, 1993, vatengesi vakagamuchira "zvinenge zvina zvegumi zveDean Witter vanogoverana ivo voga Sears vanove [ivo] mumutero usingabhadhara mutero".
Izvo zvipfeko zvakaenderera mberi kuti zvibatanidze kana kuti zvive zvitsva zvadzo pachavo kunze kwekubhadhara zvavanowana. Tsvaga Financial, chikwereti chikadhi giant chakatanga seSears muimba chikwata chekwereti chekwereti, chakasarudzwa kubva kuna Morgan Stanley.
Nyika 'Yakazoguma yakatsvaga muna 2014.
Sears Canada yakabudiswa muna 2012.
Orchard Supply Hardware yakabudiswa muna 2011.
Kune runyerekupe Sears inotora hupfumi hwayo hwemahofisi, huputire iyo kusvika muRIT yakabhadhara mitero uye inotsigira kusvitsa kwayo, zvakare.
Kunyangwe kana mutengesi wacho achikanganisika, vashandi venguva refu vachave vapfuma kwazvo kubva panzvimbo yavo kana vakaramba vakanyatsogadziriswa kuburikidza nehutete uye hutete. Inobhadhara kufungisisa zvidzidzo, funga nezvekutsvaga kwekugara kwenguva refu uye yeuka kuti kudzoka kwakakwana , kwete kunyangwe mutengo wemari, izvo zvinokosha pakuguma.
Iyi muenzaniso inogara ichidzokorora. Ndakareva Sara Lee. Mushure mekunge mazvimedura pachavo, nekutengesa hafu yesangano kuEurope-based based firm, vatengesi venguva yakareba vangadai vakapedzisira vaine zvinyorwa mu Hillshire Brands, muiti wezvinhu zvose kubva ku sausages kusvika cheese, pamwe nemafashoni mumba Koach, iyo yakava nekukura kukura zvakashamisa zvokuti pakupedzisira yakaparadzaniswa nekukura kwekambani yaimbova mubereki (iyo yekupedzisira yaive yakanyatsoparadzaniswa, kwete kusarudzwa; iwe ungadai wakasarudza kushingaira kubatanidzwa kana iwe uchida zvikamu). Hillshire Brands yakawanikwa neTyson Foods, yepiri yechipiri-yakakura purogiramu yenguruve, nyuchi, uye huku.
Zvichida iyo yakakurumbira kushamwaridzana kwekambani nguva dzose yakanga isiri yekutengeserana asi, pane kudaro, mutsara wezvakaitika zvakabuda kubva kuna Firipi Morris wekare. Imwe nyanzvi yefodya yakatora chikamu chayo cheKraft, icho chakazozviparadzanisa mu Kraft Foods Group uye Mondelez International, mushure mokunge yakambobatanidzwa neHJ Heinz, giant ketchup. Yakazviti zvakare Altria Group ndokubva yasunungura kuparadzaniswa kwayo kwepasi rose seFiripi Morris International. Mumwe mubhadhari uyo anoramba achienda kune imwe neimwe inotevera kuenderera mberi nekubatana iko zvino kuunganidza zvikamu mune zvose kubva kuCadbury chocolate uye Oreo kuki kuKafwell House kafi uye Philadelphia cream cheese; e-cigaretti kutsva fodya. Yakazarura huwandu hwakawanda hwehupfumi hwakaderedza vadzidzisi vezvigadzirwa zvakanaka-pfuma nemari vangangotumira vana vavo uye vazukuru kuchikoro.
Iwe Unofanirwa Kubata Kushanda Kwemagetsi Kana Kutengesa Izvo Here?
Pakupedzisira chisarudzo chekuti kana kuti kwete kubata mumiririro musingabhadhara mutero kunouya kune imwe mamiriro ezvinhu. Hazviiti zvose zvakasununguka zvinoshanda zvakanaka. Iwe unofanirwa kudzidza chikwata chitsva chekuzvimiririra sezvaunenge uchida chimwe chimwe chine simba uye zvibvunze kana iwe ungadai wakanyatsonakidzwa kutenga icho pakutanga, wakanga usina hukama nehuwandu hwekutsvaga kwako. Kana mhinduro yacho ichiti "kwete" - zvichida haikodzeri mamiriro ako ezvinhu kana kudiwa kwekuwana mari - zvingave zvakachenjera kuvhara zvikamu uye kuzvitsigira kune chimwe chinhu chakakosha.