Chikonzero nei Fedhi Inofanira Kuwedzera Mitengo Inofadza
Sangano reState Reserve rinotarisira kusimudzira kushandiswa kwemari nemitemo yezvemari.
Kuti kuwedzere kukura kwehupfumi , inoderedza huwandu hwemari yekukurudzira nekukweretesa nekukweretesa. Inoderedza purogiramu yemazuva emitengo yehurumende neFed money rate uye nguva yakareba mitengo nemabasa ekutengeswa kwemakethe anotenga US Treasury. Nokuda kwezvimwe, ona Expansionary Monetary Policy .
Mutezo weropa unowanzoitika mushure mokutambudzika kwakanyanya. Mhuri nemabhizimisi vanotya kupedza, zvisinei kuti mari yakawanda inowanikwa sei.
Zvakafanana neine injini yemoto yakazara. Paunosundira gasi, mota inoenda. Asi kana iwe wakatotora pfupa, uye wakabudisa gasi mujini, iwe wakaifukidza. Kunyanya iwe uchiri kupfuudza kuputika, iwe unowedzera kupisa motokari. Iwe unotofanira kumira uye uite kuti gasi ripinde mumhepo usati wasveta pedal zvakare.
Ndizvo zvinoitika mumusungo wechirwere. Ita "gas" yeFed - kune chikwereti chikuru nekuda kwekuderera kwechirwere chechibereko - haisi kudzorera injini yezvemari. Hazvina mhosva kuti Fed inoputira sei pedal, hapana chinoitika.
Ndiyokuti mabhizimisi nemhuri vanochengetedza mari yavo. Havana chivimbo chokuchishandisa, saka havaiti chinhu.
Zviratidzo Zvishanu Zvitatu
Iwe unoziva sei kana iwe uri mumusungo wenyama? Zvinhu zvakashata zvinoitika. Chokutanga, mabhizinesi haasimiri pakuwedzera. Panzvimbo pokutenga zvishandiso zvitsva, vanoita nevakuru.
Vanoshandisa mari shoma yekutora mari uye kukwereta mari, asi vanoshandisa iyo kutengesa zvikamu uye kuwedzera mashizha ematengo. Vanogonawo kutenga makambani matsva mukubatanidza uye kuwanikwa, kana kushandiswa kwema-leveraged . Mabasa aya anosimudzira misika yemabhizimisi, asi kwete hupfumi.
Chechipiri, mabhizinesi haashandi sezvaanofanirwa, saka mari inoramba iripo. Pasina kukwira mari, mhuri dzinongotenga zvavanoda, uye dzinoponesa zvese. Mubhadharo wakaderera unowedzera kusagadzikana kwemari.
Chechitatu, mitengo yevatengi inoramba iri pasi . Pasina inflation , hapana chakaita kuti mhuri dzitenge ikozvino matanho asati asvika.
Nhamba yechina, y ou ingangodaro ichitsvaga kutengesa panzvimbo yekutengesa. Vanhu vachabvisa kutenga zvinhu nokuti vanoziva kuti mutengo uchave wakaderera gare gare. Vanhu vazhinji vanoita izvozvi zvino nekutenga kukuru. Vanomirira kusvikira nguva yekutengesa kwezororo uye Black Friday pamitengo yakadzika yavanoziva iri kuuya.
Chechipiri, mabhanga haawedzeri kukweretesa . Vanofanirwa kutora mari yakawedzerwa pombi dzemapfumi muhupfumi uye vanozvikweretesa muzvikwereti, zvikwereti zviduku zvebhizimisi, uye makadhi emakadhi. Zvisinei, kana vanhu vasina chokwadi, havazokwereti. Uyezve, kana mabhengi asina chokwadi, acharamba achiwedzera mari iyo Fed inovapa.
Vanogona kunyora pasi chikwereti chakaipa kana kuwedzera mari yavo kuti vadzivirire pane ramangwana rakaipa chikwereti. Vanogona kusimudza kukwereta kwavo zvinodiwa, zvakare.
Five Solutions
Zvinhu zvishanu zvinogona kuwana upfumi kunze kwekutsvaira.
Chokutanga, iyo Fed inomutsa chido chekuda . Kuwedzerwa kwemaawa mashomanana kunokurudzira vanhu kuisa mari uye kuchengetedza mari yavo, pane kuitora. Mazuva ekupedzisira akakwirira anokurudzira mabhengi kuti akweretese sezvo achange awana kudzoka kwakakwirira. Izvo zvinowedzera kuwedzera kwemari . (Chinyorwa: "Mutezo Wemvura," Federal Reserve Bank yeSt. Louis.)
Chechipiri, iyo iyo mitengo inosvika pakaderera zvakanyanya zvokuti vanhu vanongokwanisa kukwanisa kutengesa. Zvinogona kuitika nezvinhu zvakagadzikana kana zvinhu zvakadai samatokari. Vashandi vanotanga kutengazve zvekare nokuti vanoziva kuti vanogona kubatisisa pfuma yakareba kwenguva yakareba kusvikira kunze kwechirwere.
Mubairo weramangwana wava mukuru kudarika ngozi.
Chechitatu, kuwedzera kwemari yehurumende . Izvo zvinoumba kuvimba kuti vatungamiri venyika vachasimbisa kukura kwehupfumi. Inogadzirisawo zvakananga mabasa, kuderedza kusakosha kwebasa uye hoarding.
Chechina, apo mari mune zvitsva inoita mushamba mutsva. Izvozvo zvakaitika nekutengesa internet muna 1999.
Chechipiri, apo hurumende dzinobatanidza kuwirirana kwepasi pose . Ndiyo apo nyika dzine zvinhu zvakawanda zvekutengeserana kune izvo zvine zvishoma. Semuenzaniso, China ne euro dzinoshandisa mari yakawanda yakasungirwa mukuchengetedza. Izvozvo zvinokonzerwa nemari yevatengi muUnited States pamusoro peChina zvinotengeswa kunze. China inofanira kuisa mari yakawanda muUnited States kuitira kuti mari iyoyo idzoke zvakare kuenderera mberi. Saizvozvowo, nyika dzakawanda dzevasingashandi vechidiki (Middle East, Latin America) dzinofanira kutumira kune dzimwe nyika dzine vanhu vakwegura (Europe, United States) kuitira kuti vagone kuunza. (Ikoko: "Buda, Uchitsoropodzwa Nokutakura," Economist, yaJanuary 2, 2016.)