Mariro, Kubatsira uye Kukanganiswa Kwemhando dze Mutual Fund Kugovera Makirasi
Chikoro A Share Funds
Kirasi A mutual fund inowanzova nechekupedzisira- kutengesa mari (inonziwo "mutoro"). Mutoro, unova mutero wekubhadhara mabasa emudzidzisi wekutsinhanisa kana imwe nyanzvi yezvemari, inowanzove 5.00 uye inogona kuva yakakwirira. Mutoro unotengeswa kana zvikamu zvatengwa. Somuenzaniso, kana wakatenga madhora gumi nemazana gumi zvekubhadhara chikamu cheA Class A shares, uye "mutoro" ndewe 5.00%, ipapo iwe unobhadhara $ 500 semisheni uye iwe uchava ne $ 9 500 inotengeswa muhomwe.
A shares inonyanya kukosha kune vashandi vanoronga kuisa mari yakawanda yemadhora uye vachazotenga zvikamu zvishoma. Kana iyo yekutenga yakawanda zvakakwana, unogona kukodzerwa ne "breakpoint breakpo." Iva nechokwadi chekubvunza nezvezvikwereti izvi pamusoro pemutoro kana uchida kutenga zvimwe zvikamu zvehomwe (kana kuti mutual funds mukati memhuri imwe yemari).
Chikoro B Shandisa Mari Mari
Kusiyana neA shares, mutual fund Chikoro B chikamu chikamu chekugovana chemari inotengeswa iyo isina kutakura mberi-kuguma kutengesa mutero, asi panzvimbo payo inotora chikwereti chekutengesa kutengesa (CDSC) kana "mutoro wekupedzisira." Nhengo dzeChikoro B dzinowanzova nezvikwereti zvepamusoro 12b-1 kupfuura mamwe mutual fund share classes.
Semuenzaniso, kana mutengi achitenga chikamu chemari yeClass B, havazokwanisi kutakura mutoro wekupedzisira asi vachazobhadhara mutero wekupedzisira kana mutengesi achitengesa zvikamu asati asvika nguva yakatarwa, yakadai semakore manomwe, uye ivo inogona kutengesa kusvika ku 6% kuti idzikinure zvikamu zvavo.
Nhengo dzeChikoro B dzinogona kupedzisira dzichinjana muchikamu cheAchi A pamakore manomwe kana masere.
Saka vanogona kunge vakanakisa kune vashandi vasina mari yakakwana yekuisa mari kuti vawane chikamu chekubvisa paA A, asi chinangwa chokubata mabhii B kwemakore anoverengeka kana kupfuura.
Chikoro C Kugovana Mari
Kirasi C Shandisa mutengo wekubhadhara mari ye "level load" gore negore, iyo inowanzosvika 1.00%, uye mari iyi haifaniri kuenda, zvichiita C kugoverana mari pamwe chete mari inodhura kune vashandi vanoita mari kwenguva yakareba. Ikoko kunogonawo kuva 12b-1 mari. Mukufungisisa kwekutengeserana kwemari yako, C inowanikwa mari inobatsira zvikuru kune vatengesi nevashambadziri vekutsvaga, kwete mubhadhari mumwe nomumwe, nekuda kwechikwata chepamusoro chinoramba chiripo. Kana mumiririri wako anokurudzira kugoverwa C, vabvunze kuti nei vasingakurudziri zvikamu zveA A kana zvikamu zveB, zvose zviri zviviri zviri nani kune nguva dzekutsvaga kwekutsvaga kwemakore mashoma.
Kazhinji shandisa zvikamu zve C zvenguva pfupi (pasi pemakore matatu) uye shandisa zvikamu zvemazuva akawanda (makore anopfuura 8), kunyanya kana iwe unogona kuwana pfupa pamutambo wekugadzirira kwekutenga kukuru. Nhengo dzeChikoro B dzinogona kupedzisira dzichinjana muchikamu cheAchi A pamakore manomwe kana masere.
Chikoro D Share Share Fund
Chikoro D pamwe chete mari inowanzofanana neyemutoro wemari mune zvekuti ivo vari mutengo wekugadzirisa chikamu chekugadzira chikamu chakaitwa sechimwe shanduko kune dzimwe tsika uye zvakajairika A mugove , B pamwe uye C share mari iyo iri mberi-mutoro, shure -kutera kana kuti-mutoro, zvichienderana.
Imwe yenhengo dzakawanda dzakabatwa D inowirirana mari ndeyePIMCO Real Dzorera D. Kuenzaniswa naPIMCO Real Return A, PIMCO Real Dzorera B uye PIMCO Real Dzorera C, kirasi yeD share ndiyo chete isina mhete uye ine ine yepasi yakadhura mari yakaenzana .
Chikoro Adv Share Funds
Adv share class mutual funds inowanika chete kuburikidza nemudzidzisi wekutsvaga mari, naizvozvo kushandurwa "Adv." Iyi mari inowanzosa-mutoro (kana iyo inonzi "load waived") asi inogona kuva nema 12b-1 mari kusvika ku 0.50%. Kana uri kushanda nemudzidzisi wekutsvaga mari kana imwe nyanzvi yezvemari, mazano aApri anogona kuva yakanakisisa yako sarudzo nokuti mari inowanzosara.
Chikoro Inst Share Funds
Ikosi yep Inst (aka Chikoro I, Chikoro X, Chikoro Y kana Chikoro Y) inongowanikwa chete kune vashandi vekugadzira zvikwereti uye mari shoma yekusimwa mari ye $ 25,000 kana kupfuura.
Mune zvimwe zviitiko apo vatengesi vanoshandisa mari pamwe chete, zvakadai se 401 (k) zvirongwa, zvigadziriswa zvinogona kusangana kuti zvizoshandisa mari yezvikamu zvekirasi, izvo zvinowanzova nemari shoma shoma pane dzimwe dzidzo dzekugovera.
Mutoro-Waiveswa Mari
Mari-yakasimwa mari inowirirana mari inoshandiswa pakudzidza kune chikoro chekuisa mari, yakadai seA share class funds . Sezvinonzi zita racho, mutual fund load inodzingwa (isina kukwidzwa). Kazhinji mari iyi inopiwa muna 401 (k) inoronga apo mari yakatakurwa haisi yekusarudza. Mutoro-waived mutual funds unozivikanwa ne "LW" pamugumo wezita remari uye pakuguma kwechiratidzo chekiti .
Semuenzaniso, American Funds Growth Fund yeAmerica A (AGTHX), iyo iA share fund, inosarudzwa nemutoro, American Funds Growth Fund ye America A LW (AGTHX.LW).
Chikoro R Share Funds
R kugoverana pamwe chete mari haina mutoro (kureva mutoro wepamberi, mutoro wekupedzisira kana mutoro wepamusoro) asi vane 12b-1 mari inowanzobva kubva ku 0.25% kusvika ku 0.50%.
Kana yako 401 (k) inongopa R share class money, yako mari inogona kunge iri yakakwirira kudarika kana kusarudzwa kwekutsvaga kwekutsvaga kwaisanganisira pasina mutoro (kana mutoro-waived) shanduro yemari imwechete.
Chimwe chezveR Share share mhuri inowanikwa muna 401 (k) zvirongwa ndeyeAmerican Funds. Somuenzaniso iwe ungangodaro wakaona American Funds Growth Fund yeAmerica kana American Funds Primary Investors kana American Funds Small Cap World mune zvidzidzo zveR1, R2, R3 kana R4.
Zvine kuchenjera kushandisa zvimwe zvipo zvinokodzera iwe waunoshandira angaita kana iwe ugozvipa iwe pachako 401 (k). Zvisinei, iva nechokwadi chekutarisira chikamu chebhadharo, kunyanya kana pasina mushandirwi akafanana. Nokudaro, iwe ungasarudza kuzarura kero yako uye uwane gwaro risina mutoro.
Ita Iko pachako Nehanzvadzi
Kana iwe usingashandisi mudzidzisi wekutsvaga mari, hapana chikonzero chekutsvaga mune imwe nzvimbo yechikoro. Semuenzaniso, hapana-mutoro wemari haisi ye "chikoro chekugovera."
Iwe unozviita iwe pachako kana kusarudza nyanzvi yezano rezvemari, uri kusarudza mutariri. Tanga sarudzo yekubhadhara mupi wezano kuburikidza nekubvunza mibvunzo shomanana yekufungisisa: Kana shamwari yaida mupi wezano, iwe ungakurudzira iwe here? Iwe unoda kukupa iwe semudzidzisi kana iwe unoda kukwereta mumwe munhu here? Chii chinokosha nguva yako kana ichienzaniswa nemari yemari yekushandisa mutariri? Unofara here nekutsvakurudza kwekutsvaga kwekutsvaga kwekutsvaga nekugadzirisa mari kana iwe unotya kuzviita kusvika pakusatarisa mari yako?
Skill uye ruzivo hazvibatsiri pane kutonga kwakanaka. Vamwe varayiridzi vekutsinhanisa uye vashandi vezvemari vanongowanzokonzera manzwiro ekuvhiringidza uye kusaruramisira sezvinoenzanirana kuita-it-yourselfer. Zvisinei, mupi wezano akanaka achaona mari yako zvine musoro uye anobatsira kuisa mapepa emugwagwa unofanirwa kutevera kuitira kuti ugone kusvika kune zvinangwa zvemari yako yeramangwana uchirarama hupenyu huno huno. Izvi zvingakosha zvakadini kwauri? Zvichida kunyange iwe unowana unyanzvi uye ruzivo rwezvinhu zvemari zvakakura kudarika zvevadzidzisi vezvemari vakawanda asi huwandu hwoupenyu hwakaita sei pane zvaunosarudza?
Zvakare, kana iwe uchizviita iwe kana iwe unoshandisa nyanzvi, uri kusarudza mupi wezano. Mubvunzo unopfuurira kune izvi: Ndinoda kuzvipira ini here kana ndinoda kuhaya mumwe munhu? Kana ukashandira mumwe munhu, unoda kuwana mumwe munhu anoshanda pasi pechigadziro chinokurudzira kunaka kwakanaka (kuzvininipisa, kutendeseka, kuve nyore, kuenzanisa uye kushambadzira) yatakambotaura kare. Izvi zvinoparadza vadzidzisi vakawanda vanobhadhara chete nemakomisheni uye / kana avo vanoita kuti vashandise zvibereko zvavanotengesa. Mune mamwe mazwi, haufaniri mutengesi - unoda mutungamiri wekusasarura uyo unobhadharwa nomumwe munhu asi iwe.
Chimbofunga Chero-Mutoro Chikwereti uye Sarudza Pakati Pezvakanakisisa
Kuwana "zvakanakisisa" zvechinhu chero chipi zvacho chiri chiito chekuzvibata; izvo zvinoshanda kumunhu mumwe chete zvingave zvisina kunaka kune mumwe. Zvisinei, pazvinouya kune mutengo wemari, kune mamwe mashoma emakambani emari ekupa mari anopa zvakanakisisa zviitiko zvakakwana kune mumwe muridzi wezvemari.
Hakuchina huwandu-hunokodzera-wese mutual fund yemhuri kana kambani yekutsinhanisa. Nokudaro hapana imwe nzira yekuenda nayo yekuwana yakanakisa-yega yega yekutengesa. Asi iwe unogona kuderedza zvisarudzo kuburikidza nekufungisisa izvo zvinonyanya kukosha kune mutengesi akachenjera - zvakasiyana-siyana zvezvisarudzo, kushandiswa kwemari shoma, ruzha rwekutsinhanisa mafilosofi uye hutano hwehutano kutumidza zviratidzo zvishomanana zvekukosha.
Zvikamu zvina zvepamusoro-zvisina-mutoro wemhuri dzinosanganisira Vanguard Investments , Fidelity Investments , T. Rowe Price , uye PIMCO .
Cherechedza: PIMCO ine zvakanakisisa kusarudzwa kwemari yezvisungo zvakachengetedzwa. Uyewo, haasi mari yose yeZvimbiso haisi-mutoro. Ivo vanewo mazano ekugovera uye mari yakatakurwa.
Nzira Yokutsvakurudza uye Kuwana Mari Yakanakisisa
Hazvina mhosva kuti iwe unosarudza chikamu chei (kana kuti kwete-class class), kuchenjera kuzviita tsvakurudzo yako, pane kungoisiya kune mumwe munhu, kusanganisira mutariri anovimba.
Kuongororwa kwemari pamwe chete kunogona kuitwa nyore nyore neshandiswa yakanaka yekutsvakurudza iri paIndaneti. Pasinei nokuti iwe uri mutangi kana purogiramu uye kana uri kutsvaga kutenga zvakanakisisa kwete-mutoro wekubhadhara mari, chengetedza mari iripo, kuenzanisa uye kuronga mari yakasiyana-siyana kana uri kungoedza kudzidza chimwe chinhu chitsva, mutual fund research sites, zvakadai Mambakwedza , inogona kubatsira uye iri nyore kushandisa. Tsvaga "zvikwangwani" pamashandisirwo avo emitambo inobvumira mutengi kuti awedzere kutsvaga kwavo kusina mutoro uye mari inoremedzwa. Yakawanda ye online mutual fund yekutsvakurudza nzvimbo inoda kuti iwe ubhalise "yekusununguka" kana "premium" kuwana.
Ziva Average Average Expense Ratios for Mutual Funds
Parizvino, unonzwisisa zvizere kuti kuchengeta mari uye mari yepamusoro ndiyo chinhu chinokosha chekuwana mari yekutengeserana. Usati waita tsvakurudzo yako, unofanirwa kuva nepfungwa yakanaka yekutarisira nekutengeserana mari mari. Pane zvakawanda zvekubhadhara mari pamwe chete nemari pasi-yehuwandu yemari inoshandiswa kusarudza kubva munzvimbo yose. Saka usagadzirisa zvinodhura apo iwe unogona kunge usina mari uye yakakwirira! Heano kuparara uye kuenzanisa kwemareji ekudhura kwezvikwereti zvezvidzidzo zvekubhadhara mari :
Makuru-Cap Stock Funds: 1.25%
Mid-Cap Stock Funds: 1.35%
Small-Cap Stock Funds: 1.40%
Kune dzimwe nyika Nhamba dzeMari: 1.50%
S & P 500 Index Chikwereti: 0.15%
Bond Funds: 0.90%
Paunozvipira iwe pachako (zvakananga ne mutual fund kambani kana discount discount broker) usambozvitenga mutual fund pamwe nemari yakawanda yakakosha kupfuura iyi! Cherechedza kuti mavhareji anoshandiswa anoshandiswa nemari. Chikonzero chakakosha cheizvi ndechokuti kutsvakurudza mari yekufambisa mabasa kwepamusoro kwepamusoro kune dzimwe niche dzenzvimbo, zvakadai seduku duku-mashizha uye dzimwe nyika, apo mashoko haasi nyore nyore kuenzaniswa nemakambani makuru emisha. Uyewo inotarisa mari inenge isingatungamiri . Saka mari inogona kuchengetedzwa zvakanyanya.
Cherechedza: Aya mazana ndizvo zvandinodaidza kuti "close approximations" uye zvakatorwa zvakananga kubva kuMaystarstar mutual funds software. Iwe unogonawo kuwana nhamba dzakafanana pane dzakawanda zvekugadzirisa nzvimbo dzekutsvakurudza nzvimbo .
Funga nezveIndaneti Mari Nevashandi Vakachengetedza Mari
Nei inoyerera mari inodarika mari yakachengetedzwa ? Penguva refu kwenguva refu, mari yekuenzanisira ine mari yakakwirira kudarika shamwari dzavo dzakabatanidzwa zvine simba nekuda kwezvikonzero zvakati nyore.
Nhepfenyuro yemari, yakadai seyakanakisisa yeS & P 500 Index Funds , inofanirwa kuenzanisa kubata (kambani dzekambani) nekushanda kwekutsvaga kwemusika, saS & P 500. Naizvozvo hapana chikonzero chekutsvakurudza kwakanyanya nekuongororwa kunoda kushingaira tsvaga mashizha anogona kuita zviri nani kune vamwe panguva yakatarwa Nguva iyi yekutadza inobvumira ngozi shoma uye kuderedza mari.
Uyewo mavashandi ekugadzirisa masangano vanhu, izvo zvinoreva kuti vanogona kutora manzwiro evanhu, zvakadai semakaro, kusagadzikana uye hubris. Nemazvisikwa, basa ravo ndiko kurova pamusika, izvo zvinoreva kuti vanofanira kutora mimwe mitengo yemisika kuti vawane kudzoka kunofanirwa kuwana iyo mhinduro. Nokudaro, kuongororwa kunobvisa rudzi rwehuwandu hwatingazoti "mutungamiriri wekutengesa." Hapana ngozi chaiyo yekukanganisa kwevanhu nehurukuro yekuchengetedza mari, kunyanya maererano neshoko rekusarudza. Kunyange iyo inoshandiswa mubhadhati maneja iyo inokwanisa kudzivisa matanho emanzwiro avo evanhu haagoni kupukunyuka kusinganzwisisiki uye kazhinji kusingazivikanwi kwemombe.
Chimwe chezvinhu zvose zvinodhura, zvinoratidzirwa seMari Yakawanda , yekutarisira chikwereti chinonyanya kuenzaniswa ichienzaniswa nemari iyo inobatanidzwa mukushanda kwemashoko. Mune mamwe mazwi, nokuti index index mameneja haisi kuedza "kurova pamusika" vanogona kukuchengetedza (mutyairi) mari yakawanda nekuchengeta kuchengetedza kunoderedza uye nokuchengeta mari iyo mari inowanikwa muhomwe.
Nhamba zhinji yemari inoshandisa mari inodhura pasi pe 0,20%, asi inowanikwa yakawanda-yakabatanidzwa mutual fund ichagona kuva nemari inosvika 1,50% kana kupfuura. Izvi zvinoreva, kuti pavhareji, muongorori wemari wekutsvaga mari inogona kutanga gore negore ne 1.30% musoro anotanga pamari yakachengetedzwa inoshanda. Izvi zvingaita sokuti hazvina basa rakakura asi kunyange mutungamiri we100% pagore rinoita kuti zviwedzere kuoma kumashandiro ekugadzirisa mashandisirwo ekukanda mari yehuwandu kwenguva refu. Kunyange vatungamiri vemafudzi emunyika yose havakwanisi kupikisa S & P 500 kwemakore anopfuura mashanu uye makore gumi ekupambisa kwekukunda kusvika pamakakatani makuru emakambani anenge asinganzwisisiki munyika inotya mari.
Cherechedza nzira yakasvibiswa yepamusoro pekutsvaga mari
Sezvinyorwa zvekupedzisira, kune dzimwe dzakawanda dzekugovera zvidzidzo zvese, zvakadai saK Shares, J Shares, M Shares, S Shares uye T Zvimwe zvisina kutaurwa pano. Kuisa mari kunofanirwa kuve nyore uye kusingabatsiri kwezvinhu zvinokosha muupenyu huno sehutano, mhuri uye kutsvaga mufaro. Saka shandisa mudzidzisi wekutendeseka kana kuisa mune imwe purojekti yemahofisi asina mari, pasina-index index mari.
Iwe unogona kubatsirwa nehupenzi, iyo inguva yekutsvaga kwekutsvaga inoda kuderedzwa kwakanyanya. Inofungidzirwa sekusimudzira mari yekuisa mari , iyo inogadzira mapurisa ane masimba anokodzera zvakakwana kune vashandi venguva refu vanogara kwenguva yakareba kwemakore anopfuura gumi. Mapurisa ane usimbe anogona kuonekwa sechinhu chekutenga uye kubata urongwa hwekutsvaga , iyo inoshanda zvakanaka kune vashandi vakawanda nokuti inoderedza mikana yekuita zvisarudzo zvisina kunaka zvichibva pamanzwiro ekuzvidzivirira, zvakadai sekutya, makaro uye kusazvidzora, mukuita zvisingafanoonekwi, kushambadzira kwenguva pfupi pamakemikari. Nzvimbo dzepamusoro dzakasvibiswa dzakasvibira dzinogona kuwanikwa pamusoro-kuyanzana kwekudzoka paunenge uchitora huwandu huwandu hwehuwandu hwemashoko nekuda kwezvimwe zvinhu zvinokosha zvezviri nyore, "zvigadzike uye uzvikanganwe" urongwa.