Usaisa Pfungwa Pose Pamusoro peMari Inowanikwa Kana Unenge Uchinyanya Kudzorera Kwekutsvaga Kwako
Nyaya iripo: Iwe uri kutarisa bhizinesi, Acme Company, Inc. Iwe unokwidza chikwata chemari uye ona kuti makore gumi akapfuura, zvikamu zvaive $ 10 mumwe nomumwe uye nhasi, zvaiva $ 20 mumwe nomumwe. Uchishandisa chikamu chekuwedzera kwegore gore rose , iwe uverenga kuti mari yako ingadai yakakura pa7.18%. Dambudziko? Izvozvo zvingave zvisina kururama zvachose. Iwe hauna ruzivo rwakakwana kuti uone kuti kudzokorora kwako kwekuitika kwaizove kwakadini nokuti iwe hauna kuchinja mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzehupfumi kuunganidza kuti iwe, semuridzi webhizimisi, ungadai wakafara. Apo mumwe munhu achitaura nezve "chikwereti chekudzoka" mupfungwa yakazara, ndizvo zvavanoreva. Vanoda kuziva kuti mari yakawanda yavanayo yei $ 1 iyo yavakapa, zvisinei nokuti mari iyi ndeyepi.
Nzira yekuverenga sei Total Shareholder Kudzorera Formula
- Heino maitiro aungagona kuverenga nhamba yevatori vese mubhadharo yakakwana:
(Ending Market Market Value of Stock - Mutengo Wemaoko eStock) + Zvimwe Zvikamu Zvakagamuchirwa + Chero Zvimwe Zvikamu Zvokugadziriswa Zvakagadziriswa Zvakatorwa + Kukoshesa Kwokutengeserana Kwebasa Ripi Rakawanikwa Mukutsvaga Kwakawanikwa + Zvimwe Zvikamu Zvakagamuchirwa pane Zvimwe Zvitsva Kubva paSpin-Off Stock + Zvimwe Zvimwe Kugoverwa Kwemari Kunogamuchirwa kubva kuSpun-Off Stock + Musika kana Kuvharidzirwa Kwekuda Kwebato Ripi Rinobudiswa
- Heuno maitiro aungagona kuverenga kugoverwa kwevatori vese se%
(Ending Market Market Value of Stock - Mutengo Wemaoko eStock) + Zvimwe Zvikamu Zvakagamuchirwa + Chero Zvimwe Zvikamu Zvokugadziriswa Zvakagadziriswa Zvakatorwa + Kukoshesa Kwokutengeserana Kwebasa Ripi Rakawanikwa Mukutsvaga Kwakawanikwa + Zvimwe Zvikamu Zvakagamuchirwa pane Zvimwe Zvitsva Kubva paSpin-Off Stock + Zvimwe Zvimwe Kushandiswa Kwemari Kunogamuchirwa Kubva kuSpun-Off Stock + Musika kana Kuchengetedzwa Kwezvimwe Zvemvumo Dzakabudiswa pane ipi zvayo Yvesipi
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Pakutanga Mari Yezvikamu zveStock
Izvozvo zvinogona kunge zvichinyanya kuoma nokuti, kazhinji, apo iwe unogadziriswa, mutengesi wako achagadzirisa mari yebhadharo yepamusoro pamahombekombe ako okutanga, achipa zvimwe zvezviyero zvakatarisana nekutsvaga. Kana iwe uchida kushandisa mashizha aya, iwe unoda kuchinja zvinoshandiswa maererano:
(Ending Market Market Value of Stock - Zvigadziriswa Zvimwe Zvikamu zveStock) + Zvimwe Zvikamu Zvakagamuchirwa + Chero Zvimwe Zvikamu Zvokushandiswa Kwemari Zvakagamuchirwa + (Ending Market Market Yakasarudzwa neIndaneti) - Zvimwe Zvikamu Zvinogamuchirwa pane Zvimwe Zvimwe iyo Yakapedzisira Kuvhara + Izvo Zvimwe Zvimwe Chekugoverwa Kubhadharwa Kubviswa kubva kuSpun-Off Stock + Musika kana Kuvharwa Kwekukosha Kwezvimwe Zvipi Zvakatorwa Zvichabudiswa chero ipi zvayo yeZvondo
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Pakutanga Mari Yezvikamu zveStock
Muzviitiko zvakaoma seSears mamiriro ezvinhu tichazonyora gare gare munyaya yacho, iwe ungagumisa kuva nekuita zvakawanda maverengi mumakambani gumi nemaviri kana kupfuura kuti udzokere shure kugoverwa kwenhengo yako yese yekudzoka.
Maitiro ekutevedzera: Usatenda danda rechikwata. Kuisa mari iyo yakaita seyikukundikana kungave kwakagadzira mari. Chidzidzo chekuti ini ndinoshandisa kakawanda mune dzimwe zvinyorwa zvangu Eastman Kodak. Pasinei nokuguma mumatare edzimhosva, mutengi kwenguva refu angave akadzokorora kane mari yake mushure mokuverengera kubhadharwa zvachose nekuda kwezvikwereti uye kupesana kwemakemikari yakasarudzwa mumabhizimisi akazvimiririra.
Ini zvakare ndakashandisa boka rinomiririra rebhuruu chip stocks kuratidza kuti kudzoka kwakadini kunogona kuvhara mutengo wemari kudzoka ndoga uye zvigaro zvinowanzoshamisa vanhu.
The Total Shareholder Kudzorera Formula Yakashandiswa MuNhoroondo Yegore Izvo Zvakasiyana
Nhengo yose inoshandiswa yekudzorera nzira yemakambani mazhinji makambani anoshandisa mumugumo wavo wegore negore , 10-K kufungidzira , kana kuti chirevo chemufanisiro chakasiyana zvachose. Izvo zvikwereti zvacho zvekubhadhara zviyero zvevatori vese zvinoda kupindura mubvunzo, "Mari yakazoita sei mutengi kana, mugore rimwe chete, makore mashanu, makore gumi, uye makore makumi maviri munguva yakapfuura, akatenga pfuma yedu, akaitora, uye akadzorerazve zvikamu zvose? " Rimwe rakaenzana rekudzokorora chiverengero rinotarirwa kune vekambani vezvesimba (masikwikwi, mumatambudziko mazhinji) uye S & P 500 yekodhi yemakero yekuenzanisira kuratidza hukama pamusoro / pasi pekushanda.
Pano Pane Zvikuru Zvikuru zveZvizvarwa Zveshe Rekudzoka
Nhoroondo yekare, kudzoka kwevatori venyika yose kwakagadzirwa nemamwe mashomanana:
- Capital Gains: Paunotenga chikwata pamutengo mumwe uye unoonga, musiyano unozivikanwa sekuwana mari. Kune maduku maduku emabhizimisi asina kumbobhadhara zvikamu kana kuti akabudisa kushambadzirwa kwezviyero, ichi ndicho chikuru, kazhinji kacho, chikonzero chekudzoka kwevatori vese. Makambani anonzi Warren Buffett akabata, Berkshire Hathaway , anowira munharaunda iyi. Nhengo dzekambani dzakatengeswa pa $ 8 muma1960 uye nhasi, makore makumi mashanu gare gare, dzinokosha kudarika $ 217,000 imwe neimwe.
- Kugoverwa: Kana kambani inobhadhara mari yakawanda , vamiririri vadzidzisi (avo vanochengetedza mari) vanotarisira kubhadhara uye kuuraya vanhu pamwe chete nekugadzirisa nyaya huru, vanozivikanwa sebhodhi revatungamiri , vanogona kusarudza kutora imwe yemari iyoyo ndokuitumira kubva kune, kana kuisa mari yacho munhoroondo dze, avo vanochengetedza zvigaro kuitira kuti vagone kufara nezvibereko zvehupfumi hwavo. Mari iyi inotumidzwa sechikamu. Kune zvikwereti zvakakura, zvinobatsira, zvikwereti zvakave zvidzidzo zvidzidzo kuti ndiyo inonyanya kufambisa mutengesi wezvinenge zvese zvinokonzerwa nehuwandu hwezvigadziriswa huwandu hwevatengesi .
- Kupera-pfupa: Kana bhizimisi rikasarudza kukanda rimwechete kana basa risingawirirani nezvinangwa zvaro, hazvisi zvisizvo kuva neshamwari inoshandiswa pabasa rekutengeserana, kutumira vashandi sekugovera zvakasiyana. Aya mazhenje emitambo anogona kuva imwe yezvinyorwa zvinoshamisa zvekudzoka kwevatori venyika dzose dzinowanzokanganwa zvachose nevashambadziri kana vatapi venhau vezvemari. Funga nezveSears, kamwechete-bluu chipu giant iyo yatova mumvuri wekare yekuti iwe unofunga kuti inofanirwa kubhadhara. Nhamba yechati ichiita kuti iite sekuti yakange isingagumi, inorwadza kupera mugomba risina chigadziko kwemakore gumi apfuura kana maviri. Zvisinei, Sears yakarura zvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana, uye zvimwe zvezvikamu izvi, zvakare, zvakange zvichitsvaga zvayo, kuti muridzi weSears zvikamu zvaizodaro zvakarova S & P 500 kubvira pakutanga kwema1991 pasinei neSears stock pachayo inoratidza kurasika kukuru. Izvi ndezvokuti kambani yako yekutengeserana ingadai yakaputirwa nehuwandu hweimwe yemakambani makuru emishuwarenzi munyika yose (AllState), imwe yekodhi yakakura kushandiswa kwekodhi uye makambani ekubhadhara chikwereti mudzidzi munyika (Discover Financial), chimwe chekutsvaga kukuru mabhanga munyika yose (Morgan Stanley), vamwe vatengesi vakawanda (Orchard Supply Hardware, Sears Canada, Sears Hometown Store, uye Nyika 'End), uye, kana makuhwa achizove echokwadi, pangangodaro kuve nehupfumi hwenyika iyo mabasa, zvichida yakarongerwa seRIT . Total shareholder return captures zvose izvozvo.
- Recapitali kana Buyout Distributions: Simba rekugadzirisa kwebhizimisi rinokosha zvikuru. Dzimwe nguva, hupfumi hunochinja uye vadzidzisi vanogona kuwedzera upfumi hwavo kuburikidza nekugadzirisa zviripo zvekugadzirisa hurongwa huripo, kusunungura hutano hwakanga hwakasungirirwa mubhizinesi. Iyi mari ichangobva kusunungurwa, yakatsiviwa nemari yakaderera, inotumirwa kunze kwemukova kune vadzidzisi, avo vanogona kupedza, vachiponesa, kupa, chipo, kana kuidzorerazve asi vanoona zvakakodzera.
Mukati memakore mashomanana emitengo yekuratidza kufanana nehuwandu hwezana remakore remakore huri kutevera Great Recession muna 2008-2009, imwe yehotera yepamusoro hofisi yehurumende munyika yose, Choice Hotels International, yakasarudza kubhadhara mari yakawanda pamadhora mashoma sezvishoma panguva imwe chete yakabhadhara nguva imwe chete kugovera kukuru. Izvi zvaiva nemigumisiro yekugadzirisa chikwereti-ku-kuyanzana kwehutano uye kurega vadzidzisi vachibvisa zvimwe zvekutsvaga kwavo kunze kwebhizimisi vachiri kunakidzwa nekukwanisa kufanana kwakadaro. Panzvimbo yezvaiwanzoita $ 0.185 mugoverwa wega wega wega wega, musi waAugust 24, 2012 waiva chikamu chinokwana $ 10.41.
Musi waMarch 24, 2015, zvikamu zve Kraft Foods zvakavhara pa $ 61.33. Pamberi pemusika wepamusoro wasvinudzwa zuva rakatevera, zvakashamiswa kuti bhizimisi idzva rakanga richiumbwa saka Kraft aigona kuungana naHeinz. Vashandi veKraft vakagadzirirwa kugamuchira 49% yebhizimisi idzva, asi vagoveri veHeinz vaizogamuchira 51% yebhizimisi idzva. Panguva imwecheteyo, kuenzanisa kukosha kwemafemu, boka riri shure kwechirongwa chinoronga kupinza $ 10 mabhiriyoni emari yavo pachavo mune bhizinesi pane kubhadhara imwe nguva imwechete $ 16.50 pagawo kugovera mari ku Kraft stockholders. Iko mari chaiye, inomiririra inenge 27% yegoverwa yemugove musi wekupedzisira wekuvhara.
Chikamu chakanakisisa pamusoro pemazuva ano kana kugadziriswa kwekutenga ndechokuti, dzimwe nguva, muzviitiko zvisingawanzoitiki, vatongi vanogona kuwana nzira yekuitiramo seinoti "kudzoka kwemari" saka hapana mutero pamari yakatumirwa kwauri! - Warrant Distributions: Kunyange zvazvo vakakurumidza kudzoka panguva yechikwereti chekwereti, kugoverwa kwekuchengetwa kwezvikwata kunenge kusinganzwisisiki nhasi. Munguva dzakare-kare (funga mazuva evanhu vanozivikanwa vanoita mari vakaita saBenjamin Graham ), makambani dzimwe nguva aiumba zvigwaro uye azviparidzire kune vashandi vanovepo. Izvi zvinoshandiswa sezvikwereti zvekutsvaga - zvakapa muiti wekodzero, asi kwete kusungirwa, kutenga mamwe mashomanana pamutengo wakatarwa mukati meimwe mararamiro ezuva - asi pavakashandiswa, kambani pachayo ingadhinda zvitikiti zvitsva uye kuwedzera nhamba yakazara yezvikamu zvakasarudzwa, kutora premium yemutengo yevhesi yezvekambani. Vafungidziri vaida kuchengeta mabvumirano aya, kubhejera pakukwira mumutengo wekutengesa uye vachiziva kuti vaisazobatsirikana kubatsira kana zvinhu zvikaenda, vaida kutenga izvi kubva kune avo vanochengetedza, vazhinji vavo vangadai vane mari mazuva ano kupfuura zvingagona kutenga mamwe chikwata pamutengo wakatarwa. Muridzi wega angasarudza kutora mvumo yake uye kuvatengesa, kunyengedza mari kana kuishandisa kuti atenge zvimwe zvikamu zvezvakawanda zvezviyo zviri pachena. Icho ndicho chimwe chikonzero chekudzoka kwevatori venyika yose iyo isingaratidziki padhorosi rezvikwata zvakananga.
Muenzaniso weChite Shareholder Kudzokera ku Real Blue Chip Stock
Ndakambonyora chidimbu chakanyatsoongorora kudzoka kwePepsiCo pamusoro pehupenyu hwangu. Ndakatarisa kuti chii chaizoitika kana mutengi ainge atenga zvikamu zvinokwana mazana maviri nezviviri (ndakada kuzvichengeta zviri nyore nekunamatira kune zvinonzi majenya akapoteredza, izvo zvinongoreva kubhadhara kwemazana zana panguva) musi wandakazvarwa. Zvaizodhura $ 102,074 kupedzisa basa rakadaro kumashure kwema1980.
Chati chesaiti yePepsiCo chingaita kuti zvionekwe sechinzvimbo, chichitevera zvitatu zvakaparadzaniswa -3-for-1 yakaparadzaniswa musi waMay 28, 1986, 3-for-1 yakaparadzana musi waSeptember 4, 1990, uye 2-for- 1 yakaparadzana musi waMay 28, 1996 - ingadai yakashandura zvikamu zvinokwana mazana matatu nemazana maviri nemazana mana zvichiita zvikamu 41,400. Izvozvo zvingadai zvakaisa kukosha kwepamusoro madhora 4,098,600 panguva yandakanyora pasi.
Dambudziko? Izvozvo zvakanyanyisa kuderedza chikwereti chekudzoka kwevanhu nokuti zvikamu zvitatu zvekuwedzerwa kwepfuma zvakasikwa zvakabviswa, zvisati zvaratidzwa mune dzakawanda mapurati.
- Pamakore 32+ apfuura, PepsiCo angadai akakubhadhara $ 1,058,184 mukuwedzera kwemari inowanikwa.
- Musi waOctober 6th, 1998, PepsiCo yakaparadzanisa kudyidzana kwayo kwekutsvaga, iyo ine dzimba dzakadai seKFC, Taco Bell, uye Pizza Hut, nokuchera bhizinesi rinonzi Tricon Global Restaurants. Mutengi wacho aizowana gwaro rekutanga rezvikamu 4 410 zvakaparadzaniswa 2-kusvika-1 musi waJune 18th, 2002, uyezve, 2-kusvika-1 musi waJune 27, 2007. Izvozvo zvingaguma nekugadzirisa zvikamu 16,560 zveYum! Zvikwereti (bhizimisi rakashandura zita racho), iro rakanga rine kukosha kwemaari ikozvino imwe $ 1,354,608.
- Pamusoro peizvi, Yum! Zvikwereti zvakabhadharwa zvikamu zvinokwana $ 148,709 pamiganhu yayo.
Yakabatanidzwa, izvi zvinoreva kuti mutengesi wePepsiCo aiva ne $ 2,561,501 yakawanda muupfumi pamusoro pe $ 4,098,600 muzvikamu zvePepsiCo - iyo inenge 63% yemari yakawanda . Kana izvozvo zvisingaiti kuti iwe udzoke zvachose ndezvakakosha, hapana chichaita.