' Brass ' ishoko rechiito rinoreva huni dzakasiyana-siyana- zinc alloys . Mukati, kune marudzi anopfuura makumi matanhatu emhangura yakataurwa neE (European Norm) Maitiro. Izvi zvinyorwa zvinogona kuva nezvinyorwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvakasiyana zvichienderana nezvinhu zvinodiwa kune imwe shanduro. Brasses inogonawo kuiswa mumhando dzakasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira nema mechanical properties, kristall structure, zinc content, uye ruvara.
Crystal Crystal Structures
Kusiyana kwakakosha pakati pemhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzemhangura kunoratidzirwa nekristal maitiro. Izvi ndezvekuti kusanganiswa kwemhangura uye zinc kunoratidzirwa nehutoriki hwekusimudzira, nzira yekudzidza yekureva kuti zvinhu zviviri izvi zvinoparadzanisa masangano eatomu, zvichiita kuti zvibatanidze nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana zvichienderana nehuwandu hwehutano uye kutonhora. Mhando mitatu yakasiyana yekristani yakarongeka inogona kugadzirwa nekuda kwezvikonzero izvi:
- Alpha Brasses: Alpha brasses ine zvishoma kudarika 37% zinc yakanyungudutswa mumhangura uye inonzi mazita ekuumbwa kwayo (alpha) crystal structure. Iyo alpha crystal yakarongwa inoita sekuti zinc inoputika mumhangura iyo inoita sarudzo yakasimba yekugadzirwa kweunifomu. Mhangura yakadaro yakaderera uye yakawanda kudarika kune vamwe vavo uye, saka, inotonhora inoshandiswa, yakasungirirwa, yakakoswa, yakaswededzwa, yakakoshwa kana yakashongedzwa.
Rudzi rwakanyanya kufanana rwe alpha alpha rine 30 muzana zinc uye 70 muzana yemhangura. Inotsanangurwa se'70 / 30 'yendarira kana' cartridge copper '(UNS Alloy C26000), iyi yendarira yendarira inobatanidza kukodzera kwesimba uye ductility yekuve inotonhora. Iyo inewo kupikisa kwakanyanya kurora kune yakagadzirwa nemhangura ine zinc inowanikwa. Alpha alloys inowanzoshandiswa kugadzira fasteners, yakadai semapuranga epfudzi, pamwe chete nechekumasvikiro emagetsi mumagetsi emagetsi.
- Alpha-Beta Brasses: Alpha-beta brasses - inonziwo 'duplex brasses' kana 'kushandira-shasha shavha' - iri pakati pe 37-45% zinc uye inogadzirwa yese yegorosi yegorosi uye bheji yakarongeka. Beta chikamu chendarira chakasvibiswa zvakanyanya kufanana neicho chezvinon tsvina. Chiyero cheal alpha phase kusvika beta phase yesimbi yakagadzirwa ne zinc zvigadzirwa, asi kuiswa kwezvinhu zvakadai sealuminium , silicon kana tini kunogonawo kuwedzera muwandu we beta phase yehta iripo mualloy.
Zvimwe zvakajairika kupfuura alpha shadi, alpha-beta mhangura inosimba uye yakasimba uye ine chando cheductility chando, kupfuura alpha shadi. Alpha-beta mhangura inodhura nemhaka yepamusoro ye zinc yehutano, asi inowanzosangana ne dezincification corrosion.
Kunyange zvazvo zvisinganyanyi kushandiswa kupfuura alpha shasheni muchitonho chemazana, alpha-beta brasses inonyanya kushandiswa pamatambo makuru. Kunyange kana mutungamiri uripo kuti uvandudze kushandiswa kwakadai sendarira zvinodzivisa kuputika. Somugumisiro, alpha-beta mhangura inowanzoshisa inoshandiswa ne extrusion, stamping kana kufa-casting.
- Beta Brasses: Kunyange zvazvo zvakawanda zvisingawanzoshandiswa kupfuura alpha kana alpha-beta brasses, beta brasses inoumba boka rechitatu realloy rine zvinopfuura 45% zinc zvatinoda . Mabhandi akadaro anogadzira bheta yakagadziriswa kristani uye anowedzera uye ane simba kupfuura alpha uye alpha-beta brasses. Sezvo zvakadaro, vanogona kungopisa kana kushandiswa.
Kusiyana nekristal yakarongeka masangano, kuziva kuti zvigadziko zvendarira nezvipfeko zvayo zvinoita kuti tifunge nezvekugadzirisa kwekugadzira zvishandisi pamhangura. Maitiro anowanzosanganisira:
- Mushonga wekushambadzira mhangura (3% mutungamiri)
- High tensile brasses ( aluminium , manganese uye iron inclusions)
- Naval brasses (~ 1% tini )
- Dezincification resistant brasses (arsenic inclusion)
- Brasses yekushanda kushanda (70/30 mhangura)
- Kushandisa brasses (60/40 ndarira)
Izwi rokuti 'yellow yellow' uye 'red brass' - rinowanzonzwa muU.S. - rinoshandiswawo kuona mamwe marudzi emhangura. Tsvuku ine mhangura inoreva mhangura yakareba (85%) yealloy ine tini (Cu-Zn-Sn), iyo inozivikanwawo se gunmetal (C23000), nepo bhandi yejena inoshandiswa kuratidzira bhandi resimbi rine yakakwirira yezvincidhi ( 33% zinc), zvichiita kuti ndarira ionekwe sendarama yakatsvuka.
Sources:
Copper Development Association. Brass
URL: www.copper.org/
The Copper Development Association Inc. www.copper.org
Madehow.com. Brass.
URL: www.madehow.com
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