Ndezvipi Zvakanakisisa 10 Zviitiko zveMakore gumi?

by Kimberly Amadeo

Iko Inonyanya Kukosha Mari Nhau Nhau

Zviitiko zvakapoteredza Great Recession zvakavhara dzimwe dzakawanda nyaya dzezvemari mumakore gumi apfuura. Tora kufamba shure munguva. Ndiani angadai akafunga muna 2007 kuti zvakawanda zvaizochinja mumakore gumi chete?

01 2007: Crisis Crisis

Vanenge vane mamiriyoni 10 embadzimba yeimba vanorasikirwa nemisha yavo munguva ye subprime mortgage crisis. Dzimba dzeimba dzakagumburwa muna 2006. Panguva imwecheteyo, Federal Reserve yakasimudza chikamu chekuda . Vazhinji veimba yeimba vakanga vakagadziridza mari yakawanda yekutengesa mari iyo yakatevera mari yakadyiwa mari uye yekugadzirisa zvakare shure kwemakore mashomanana ekutanga. Varidzi vepamba vaishamiswa nekukwereta kwepamusoro. Havana kukwanisa kutengesa dzimba dzavo nokuti mutengo wakawira pasi pekubhadhara mari. Saka, mabhanga akavhara, achivamanikidza kuti vabve pamisha yavo. Hurongwa hwehurumende kuchengetedza varidzi vemunyika vakakundikana.

028 2008: Global Banking System yakadzika kushanda

Musi weMuvhuro, Svondo 15, 2008, Lehman Brothers vakataura kubhadhara. Iri raiva zuva rakatevera Munyori weHurumende, VaPaul Paulson, vati hakunazve bhailouts. Akaramba kuchengetedzwa kwehurumende kune $ 60 biliyoni reLehman mukutendeseka kwekutengesa mari yekutengeswa mumusangano wekupera kwevhiki nevanokwanisa kutenga Bharclay's uye Bank of America. Panguva iyoyo, akafunga kuti mari yacho yakanga yakawandisa, uye akanga achimanikidzirwa kuti hurumende irege kubvisa. Iye zvino, zvinoratidzika kunge sediki madhayamate. Hama dzaLehman dzakashungurudzwa pasi rose mabhengi, zvichiita kuti The Great Recession.

Musi weChitatu musi waSeptember 17, mabhizimusi akasiya $ 160 mabhiriyoni kubva ku-ultra-safe money market accounts. Mabhandi akanga achikwereta mari yekunyorera-pasi pamusoro pezvokutengesa zvakashata uye kubviswa mumabhanki anomhanya. Pakupera kwevhiki, mabhengi akachengetedza $ 190 mabhiriyoni mumari, asi zvinopesana ne $ 2 bhiriyoni. Kuteerera kwakatungamirira kuwedzera kuRIBOR , iyo inokonzera $ 360 trillion muzvikwereti uye mari yekwereti yemari. Kubhadhara chikwereti kwakakonzera kukanganisa kwemari kune mabhizimisi akawanda. Mukupindura, iyo Federal Reserve yakaderedza nhamba yemari kusvika zero, ichideredza LIBOR. Zvisinei, mabhangi anoenderera mberi achichengetedza mari nhasi kunyora pasi.

03 2008: Stock Market Crash

Musi waSeptember 29, 2008, Dow Jones Industrial Average yakawira 777 points, iyo huru pane iyo inopera mune rimwe zuva rimwe chete. Pakati paOctober 9, 2007 uye March 6, 2009, Dow Jones Industrial Average yakaderera 50 muzana. Ichi chaiva kuparara kwakanyanya kudarika Kubva Kudenga Kukuru , apo Dow yakawira 80 muzana. Izvo zvakaitika mumwedzi gumi nemana chete, apo doro Guru rekudarika rakatora makore matatu.

04 2008: Mabhiriyoni muBailouts

Musi waSeptember 18, 2008, Munyori wenyika yeHarare Paul Hank Paulson uye Federal Chair Chairman Ben Bernanke vakakumbira Congress kuti ive yebhailout yakawanda pakurambana kubva kuHurumende Kuwedzera . Pana Gumiguru 3, Senate yakapfuura mari ye $ 700 mabhiriyoni ekubhadout, iyo inozivikanwa seyo chirongwa cheTARP . Purogiramu yacho yakatanga kugadzirirwa kutenga zvigadzirwa zvehutu zvinotapira kubva kumabhangi, kusunungura mari yezvikwereti zvakawanda. Zvisinei, zvaive kutora nguva yakareba kuti ishande, saka musi waOctober 14, Treasury yakashandisa $ 350 mabhiriyoni kuChechi yeRefount Repurchase , iyo yakaitenga mari yakawanda mumabhandi makuru.

Musi weChipiri, Svondo 16, AIG, kambani yenyika yakawanda ye inshuwarisi, yakaratidza kuti yakanga iri kupera. Mutungamiri weBato reBurumende, Ben Bernanke, vanoti kuburitsa kwaAIG kwakamuita kuti atsamwire kupfuura chero chinhu chipi zvacho muhupfumi. Sezvakaita hedge fund , AIG yakatora njodzi nezvinhu zvisiri pamutemo, zvakadai sekwereti swaps . Yakakosha kushandisa mari kubva kune inshuwarisi yevanhu. Izvo zvakaderedzwa kuti zvirege kuputsika kwe $ 3.6 triliyoni mari-yekutengeserana mari yekushambadzira, iyo yakasimwa mune chikwereti cheAIG uye chekuchengetedza . Mari dzakawanda pamwe chete dzine AIG stock .

Mutungamiri weBarack Obama we $ 787 Bhiriyoni Economic Economic stimulus akaedza kutsvaga zvakare kubuda kwekutya kwakakonzera vatengesi muna 2008. Kwaifanira kupedzwa kwemakore matatu. Yakatsoropodzwa nekuda kwekusagadzirisa hupfumi zvakaringana. PanaJuly 2009, mari inopfuura $ 179 bhiriyoni yakagoverwa kumahofisi eHurumende. Yakanga ichingofanira kushandisa $ 185 mabhiriyoni muna 2009. Yakagadzirirwa kuwedzera GDP kukura ne 1.4% -3.8% pakupera kwegore ra2009, uye kudzivisa kukwana mamiriyoni 2.3 emabasa. Muna Q3 2009, hupfumi hwaizongova huri kukura .7%, kwete 2.8%, pasina Economic Stimulus Program.

05 2011: Tsunami yeJapan neNyukliya Njodzi

Musi waMarch 11, 2011, kudengenyeka kwenyika 9.0 uye tsunami yakaita mamita 100 kwakaputira Japan kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kwegungwa. Vanhu vanenge 28 000 vakafa kana kuti vakashaya. Vanopfuura 465 000 vakatapwa. Kuita kuti zvinhu zviwedzere, mafungu akaparadza Fukushima nuclear power plant , achiita radioactive leaks. "Triple Disaster" yakaparadza hupfumi hweJapan . Yakaparadza simba renyukireya remunyika, ndokugutsikana neEurope kuderedza kudzokera kwaro pane simba renyukireya. Apo vashandi veJapan vavhara, yakaderedza hupfumi hwenyika yose ichiri kuwanikwa kubva muna 2008 matambudziko emari.

06 2014: Obamacare Inowedzera Mukana weMamiriyoni 20

Inotengeswa Care Care Act yakawedzera kupararira kweutano kusvika kuvanhu vane mamiriyoni makumi maviri. Vanokwanisa kuwana mari shoma yekudzivirira kuchengetedza zvirwere zvisingaperi. Izvo zvakazvichengetedza kubva kunze kwemakamuri anodhura anokosha. Somugumisiro, kuwedzera kwehutano kunodhura . Izvozvo zvingabatsira United States kuwana zvikamu zviri nani kubva kuWorld Health Organization. Kubva muna 2016, mari yeUnited States yehutano hwakanga yakakwirira munyika yakagadziridzwa, nechechecheche mwana wekufa. Yose yeimwe nyika 32 dzakabudirira dzaive nehutano hwehutano .

07 2015: China Emerges seNyika Mukurusa Kupfuura Yose

Muna 2015, China yakava guru rezvemari . Izvozvo zvinoshandura hutano hwezvemari, kuisa European Union yechipiri neUnited States yechitatu. China ndiyo inonyanya kukopa wekwereti yeUnited States . Inayo $ 1.2 mabhiriyoni eUnited States Pfuma . Izvi zvinoita kuti zvive nyore. Somuenzaniso, munaAgasti 2007, China yakatyisidzira kutengesa chikamu chayo kubata kana Congressional kusvitsa kukosha kweiyo yuan yakaenderera mberi.

08 2015: Greece Kubhadhara Chikwereti

Gwaro reGreece rine chikwereti rakanyeverwa nezvenjodzi inotarisana nenyika dzakawanda dzine chikwereti. Muna 2015, Greece yakave yakasara pane chikwereti chayo uye yakabuda muEurozone. Izvo zvakakonzera dambudziko remari yeEurozone , zvichiita kuti kutya kwepasi rose matambudziko . Kunyange zvazvo dambudziko racho rakagadziriswa, rakakanda mubvunzo kuti kubatana kweEuropean Union pachayo kunobatsira.

09 2017: Hurricane Harvey Inodhura $ 180 Bhiriyoni

Hurricane Harvey yaiva yeChitatu 4 dutu rakawira Texas paAugust 25, 2017. Yakakonzera $ 180 biliyoni mukuvadza. Izvo zvinopfuura chero imwe njodzi inongoitika dzoga munhoroondo yeUnited States, kunze kwekufungidzira kwakakura kweEngururu Katrina kukuvara. Gavhuna Gavhuna Greg Abbott achada mari inopfuura $ 125 mabhiriyoni muhurumende yekusunungurwa. Yakabata vanhu gumi nemamiriyoni kubva kuTexas kuburikidza neLouisana, Mississippi, Tennessee neKentucky.

10 2018: Mutengo weHondo Pamatambudziko Anowedzera Chikwereti cheUnited States

Iko 9/11 kurwisa kwakaita kuti pave nekuwedzera mari yekuzvidzivirira - kutanga muAfghanistan uye wechipiri muIraq. Pakazosvika gore ra2006, Hondo yekutya yakanga yawedzera kubhadharwa kwekuchengetedza kwema $ 600 - $ 700 pagore, zvichigadzira kukanganisa kwegore negore kwemadhora mabhiriyoni mashanu pagore. Pakazosvika gore ra2007, chikwereti chacho chakanga chava kuda kusvika ku $ 9.2 triliyoni. Pakazosvika gore ra2018, yakawedzera $ 2 triliyoni kune chikwereti.